空降兵的应对和防御方式与心理健康的关系

发布时间：2018-07-21 18:36

【摘要】：目的:了解空降兵官兵在跳伞训练前期的应对方式和防御方式特点,并进一步探讨与其心理健康的关系。方法:于2004-03采取随机、分层、整群抽样方法,在空降兵某师参加跳伞训练的官兵中,选择男性官兵635人作为观察对象。①应用应对方式问卷进行应对方式的调查。该问卷共20个条目,包括积极应对方式(条目1～12)和消极应对方式(条目13～20),以这两个维度的各自总分及均分为统计指标。②采用防御方式问卷评定其采用的防御机制的类型。该问卷含88个条目,1～9级评分制,评分越高即应用该机制的频度越大,其掩饰程度则越小。将成熟型,非成熟型,中间型防御类型按官兵不同的职别、不同文化层次和兵龄层次进行划分。③采用症状自评量表进行心理健康调查。并与中国人常模和中国军人常模进行比较。该量表共90项,包括躯体化、强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐惧、偏执、精神病性等9个因子。每项评分1～5分。以量表总分与各症状因子分为指标,总分为90项累计得分,得分高反映心理健康状态差。采用统一指导语和无记名方式答卷。要求被调查对象根据自己的实际情况当场填写,独立完成,填写完毕后当场交卷。应用U检验及相关分析进行资料统计。结果:发问卷635份,回收635份,剔除28份不全答卷,实际有效问卷607份,有效率95.6%。①空降兵积极应对方式得分为1.63±0.65,消极应对方式得分为1.03±0.54,配对t检验结果t=18.452,p0.01。说明大多数空降兵官兵倾向于应用积极的应对方式,只有少数人采用消极的应对方式。②防御机制的采用:士官与士兵组较多采用不成熟型和中间型防御方式,且与干部组间有显著性差异。不同文化层次空降兵所采用的防御方式,除不成熟型有差异外,成熟型,中间型,掩饰因子得分差异无显著性。军龄1年组的空降兵较多采用不成熟型防御方式,军龄4年组的空降兵较多采用成熟型防御方式,且与其他两组比较,差异有显著性。③空降兵607人中有心理问题的人数是153名,阳性率达25.2%。与中国人常模相比,除敌对性与精神病性因子无差异外;其余各因子及总分和阳性项目均分均显著高于中国人常模;与军人常模相比,躯体化、抑郁、偏执3因子无差异,人际关系、精神病性、敌对性3因子显著低于军人常模;其余3因子及总分和阳性项目均分均显著高于军人常模。④症状自评量表各因子分与消极应对和不成熟型防御方式及中间型防御方式得分之间正相关显著,且相关系数较大,而与绝大部分积极应对方式得分之间负相关显著,且相关系数较小,与绝大部分成熟型防御方式之间无明显相关。结论:要高度重视空降兵跳伞训练中的心理健康问题,增强空降兵官兵的外部心理社会环境,增强其正性情感体验,心理防护能力和应对技巧,提高部队战斗力。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the characteristics of coping style and defense style of airborne soldiers in the early stage of parachuting training, and to explore the relationship between the coping style and their mental health. Methods: random, stratified and cluster sampling methods were adopted in March 2004. 635 male officers and soldiers were selected as observation objects among the officers and soldiers who took part in parachuting training in a certain airborne army. 1. The coping style questionnaire was applied to investigate the coping style. There are 20 entries in the questionnaire. It includes positive coping style (item 1: 12) and negative coping style (item 13: 20). According to the total scores of the two dimensions and the statistical index of 2. 2, the type of defense mechanism used was assessed by the defense style questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of 88 items and 9 grades. The higher the score is, the greater the frequency of applying the mechanism is and the less the degree of concealment is. The types of mature, immature and intermediate types of defense were divided into 3 groups according to the rank of officers and men, different levels of culture and military age. 3. The mental health was investigated with symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90). And compared with the Chinese norm and the Chinese military norm. The 90 items included somatization, compulsion, interpersonal relationships, depression, anxiety, hostility, fear, paranoid ideation and psychosis. Each score ranged from 1 to 5. The total score of the scale and the symptom factors were divided into indicators, the total score was 90 accumulative scores, the high score reflected the poor mental health state. Use uniform guidelines and anonymous responses. The investigated object is required to fill it out on the spot according to their own actual situation, complete independently, and hand in the paper on the spot after completion. U-test and correlation analysis were used to carry out data statistics. Results: 635 questionnaires were sent out, 635 were collected, 28 incomplete questionnaires were excluded, 607 effective questionnaires were obtained. The effective rate was 95.6.1 the score of positive coping style was 1.63 卤0.65, the score of negative coping style was 1.03 卤0.54, and the result of paired t test was 18.452 (p0.01). It shows that most airborne officers and soldiers tend to apply positive coping style, only a few use passive coping mode .2 defensive mechanism. Non-commissioned officers and soldiers are more likely to adopt immature and intermediate types of defense. And there was significant difference between the cadre group and the cadre group. There was no significant difference in the scores of factors of defense between different cultural levels except immature type mature type intermediate type and disguise factor. The airborne troops in one year group adopted immature defense mode, and the airborne troops in 4 years group adopted mature defense mode, and compared with the other two groups, The number of people with psychological problems in 607 airborne soldiers was 153, and the positive rate was 25.2B. Compared with the Chinese norm, there was no difference in the factors of hostility and psychosis, the other factors, the total score and the average score of positive items were significantly higher than those of the Chinese norm, and there was no difference among the three factors of somatization, depression and paranoid ideation compared with the Chinese norm. 3 factors of interpersonal relationship, psychosis and hostility were significantly lower than the military norm. The other 3 factors, the total score and the average score of positive items were significantly higher than those of the military norm. 4. The scores of each factor of SCL-4 were positively correlated with the scores of negative coping, immature defense and intermediate defense, and the correlation coefficient was higher. However, there was a significant negative correlation with most of the positive coping style scores, and the correlation coefficient was small, and there was no significant correlation between the scores and the majority of mature defense styles. Conclusion: it is necessary to attach great importance to the mental health problems in parachuting training, to enhance the external psychological and social environment of airborne soldiers, to enhance their positive emotional experience, psychological protection ability and coping skills, and to improve the combat effectiveness of the army.
【作者单位】：解放军第四五七医院护理部解放军第四五七医院护理部解放军第四五七医院护理部解放军第四五七医院护理部解放军第四五七医院护理部
【分类号】：R82

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