构建国防医学学科体系的初步理论探讨

发布时间：2018-07-22 10:30

【摘要】： 学科学理论认为,任何一个学科理论的产生都是历史发展的必然,是时代发展的必然产物。目前,在我国除了传统意义上的军事战争,非传统威胁已成为和平时期的主要威胁,恐怖袭击、突发公共卫生事件、自然灾害、跨国犯罪、生物安全、经济安全、环境安全、能源安全等赋予了军事医学新的保障任务。这些任务包括传统的军事医学任务,也包括新形势下时代发展赋予军事医学的延伸任务,而军事医学任务体系所涉及的学科内容已超出军事医学学科体系的涵盖范围。中国特色的新军事变革、寓军于民的国防战略、全面建设现代后勤、科学发展观明确了军事医学的发展方向和转型需求,我国军事医学的学科建设和发展应该如何面向未来发展需求还需要深入研究。新国家安全观、新军事变革对我国国防建设提出了新的要求,现代国防必须有相应的医学研究作为支撑,面对新的国家安全形势,作为国家科技创新体系暨国防科技创新体系的一部分,建立一个覆盖范围更为广泛的医学分支学科及其学科体系,即国防医学及其学科体系成为必不可少的内容。本文运用文献调研、专家咨询、聚类分析、综合归纳、对比分析等方法,通过分析国防医学所涉及的主要医学学科范围,采用适当的学科分类方法,尝试构建一个能够适应国防医学任务体系的国防医学学科体系框架,根据国防医学所涵盖的学科领域在国内外的发展现状和发展趋势,初步提出既符合我国现有军事医学基础,又能适应国防医学发展需求的,建设我国国防医学的学科发展建议,为我国国防医学和我军军事医学的学科发展提供理论参考。论文正文共分为四大部分: 第一部分对国防医学和国防医学学科体系进行了初步的学科学理论探讨,包括学科和学科体系的涵义,国防医学的定义、学科性质、诞生条件、研究对象、研究方法、地位和作用、与军事医学的关系,国防医学学科体系的学科学理论研究,以及国防医学学科体系与军事医学学科体系的关系等内容。第二部分简要分析国防医学所担负的国防任务体系,即以军人为主要研究和保障对象的部队卫勤保障和以军民结合保障为主的灾害与应急医学救援、国防职业的医学防护、国防卫生事业管理、国事安全的医学保障等五类,分列出各类任务范围所涵盖的、与国防有关的各个主要医学学科范畴,为下一步构建国防医学学科体系提供一定量可供选择的医学学科范围。第三部分比较研究国内外医学学科分类标准和方法,包括中国国家标准《学科分类与代码》(GB/T13745-92);中国家自然科学基金委《国家自然科学基金学科分类目录及代码》;中国国务院学委会、国家教委《授予博士、硕士学位和培养研究生的学科、专业目录》;《中国图书馆分类法》;《中国科学院图书馆图书分类法》;《Medicus Index》(《医学索引》)的《Medical Subject Headings》(简称《MeSH主题词表》),以及有关军事医学学科划分的《中国军用医学主题词表》等。分析其中涉及的与国防有关的主要医学学科,与根据任务体系所列出的医学学科范围共同构建出国防医学学科体系所涵盖的基本学科范围。对比分析各学科分类标准和方法,选出合适的学科划分方法,根据学科研究针对的时期特点将国防医学学科体系划分为平时国防医学研究和战时国防医学研究两大类,继续细分为军民平时国防医学研究、军民平战结合国防医学研究、军民战时国防医学研究三部分,并再次细分为六小部分,初步构建出国防医学学科体系的框架。同时,对军事医学学科体系进行了简单探讨,结合以往军事医学学科体系的划分方法(主要包括美国、俄罗斯、中国三个国家的多种划分方法),依据国防医学所涵盖的学科范围和已构建的国防医学学科体系的初步理论框架,尝试着对军事医学理论学科体系进行了重新构建。第四部分根据我国国防医学学科体系的现实基础,即以部队保障为主的军事医学研究现状和以军民结合保障为主的学科研究现状(包括我国台湾地区部分情况),以及国外国防医学的发展现状以及未来的发展趋势,包括北约、欧盟(前独联体)、美国、俄罗斯(前苏联)、日本、法国、英国、德国(东、西德)、印度、韩国、朝鲜、意大利、以色列、澳大利亚、瑞士、巴基斯坦、荷兰、新加坡等国家和地区的,以部队保障为主的军事医学研究现状和以军民结合保障为主的学科研究现状及发展趋势,初步提出既符合我国现有军事医学基础,又能适应国防医学发展需求的,建设我国国防医学学科体系的发展建议,即对我国已经发展较好的学科、需继续扩展的学科和需要新增加的学科的初步分析和总结,为我国国防医学和我军军事医学的学科发展提供理论参考。
[Abstract]:According to the theory of science, the emergence of any discipline theory is the inevitable result of historical development and the development of the times.
At present, in our country, in addition to the military war in the traditional sense, the non-traditional threat has become the main threat in the peace period. Terrorist attacks, public health emergencies, natural disasters, transnational crimes, biological safety, economic security, environmental security, energy security, etc. have endowed military medical new security tasks. These tasks include traditional military medicine. The task of learning includes the extension task of military medicine under the new situation, and the subject content of the military medical task system has gone beyond the scope of the military medical discipline system. The new military revolution with Chinese characteristics, the defense strategy of army and the people, the establishment of modern logistics, and the clear military medicine of Scientific Outlook on Development. The new national security concept and the new military reform have put forward new requirements for our national defense construction, and the modern national defense must have corresponding medical research as support and face the new national security situation. For the part of the national scientific and technological innovation system and the national defense science and technology innovation system, a more extensive medical branch and its discipline system have been set up, that is, the defense medicine and its discipline system have become an essential part.
By means of literature research, expert consultation, cluster analysis, comprehensive induction and comparative analysis, this paper tries to construct a framework of national defense medicine discipline system which can adapt to National Defense Medical task system by analyzing the main medical disciplines involved in national defense medicine. The development status and development trend of the subject field both at home and abroad, and preliminarily put forward the suggestion of developing the discipline development of our national defense medicine, which not only accord with the existing military medical foundation of our country, but also meet the needs of the development of national defense medicine, and provide theoretical reference for the development of our national defense medicine and our military medical science.
The text of the paper is divided into four parts.
The first part of the subject system of defense medicine and national defense medicine has been preliminarily studied, including the meaning of discipline and discipline system, the definition of the defense medicine, the nature of the discipline, the conditions of birth, the object of research, the research method, the position and function, the relationship with the military medicine, the theoretical research of the discipline system of defense medicine. And the relationship between the discipline system of national defense medicine and the discipline system of military medicine.
The second part is a brief analysis of the national defense task system which is carried out by the national defense medicine, which is divided into five categories, including the military medical support for the main research and security objects, the disaster and emergency medical rescue based on the combination of military and civilian support, the medical protection of the national defense profession, the management of national defense and health, and the medical security of the national security. The scope of the major medical disciplines covered by national defense provides a certain range of medical disciplines that can be selected for the next step of building the discipline system of defense medicine.
The third part compares the classification standards and methods of medical disciplines both at home and abroad, including the national standard of China, the subject classification and code (GB/T13745-92), the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the classification catalogue and code of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the State Council of China, the national Education Commission of the State Council, the doctor, master's degree and the training of graduate students. The subject, the professional catalogue, the Chinese Library Classification law, the library classification law of the library of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the of the (< medical index >), and the Chinese Military Medical Subject Thesaurus on the division of military medicine. The medical discipline, together with the scope of the medical discipline listed according to the task system, constructs the basic subject scope covered by the defense medicine discipline system, compares and analyzes the classification standards and methods of various disciplines, selects the appropriate method of division of discipline, and divides the defense medicine discipline system into national defense according to the specific points of the subject research. The two major categories of medical research and wartime Defense Medical Research continue to be subdivided into military and civilian national defense medicine research, military and civilian war combined with national defense medicine research, military and civil war period defense medicine research three parts, and again subdivided into six small parts, initially building the framework of the defense medicine discipline system. At the same time, the military medical discipline system was simplified. On the basis of the division method of the previous military medical discipline system (mainly including the various methods of dividing the three countries in the United States, Russia and China), according to the subject scope covered by the national defense medicine and the preliminary theoretical framework of the system of defense medicine, the military medical theory system has been rebuilt.
The fourth part is based on the realistic foundation of our national defense medicine system, namely, the status of Military Medical Research Based on military support and the status of the research on the combination of military and civilian support (including some cases in Taiwan), as well as the development status of foreign defense medicine and the future development trend, including NATO and the European Union (former independence). The United States, the United States, Russia (former Soviet Union), Japan, France, Britain, Germany (East, West Germany), India, Korea, Korea, Italy, Israel, Australia, Switzerland, Pakistan, Holland, Singapore and other countries and regions, the status of Military Medical Research Based on military support and the status and development of military and civilian integration as the main research and development trend. The development proposal not only conforms to the existing military medical basis of our country, but also meets the needs of the development of national defense medicine. It is a proposal for the development of the discipline system of national defense medicine in our country. That is, the first step analysis and summary of the subject which has already developed well in our country and the need for the further expansion of the subject and the new increasing discipline are also proposed for our national defense medicine and our military army. It provides a theoretical reference for the development of the subject medicine.
【学位授予单位】：中国人民解放军军事医学科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：R82

【参考文献】