急性轻、中度低压缺氧对手动作业工效的影响

发布时间：2019-01-11 09:56

【摘要】：目的探讨急性轻、中度低压缺氧对手动作业工效的影响。方法利用低压舱模拟高空缺氧环境,设计4种客观工效项目(插钉板、拧螺母、形状感知和握力包括疲劳和耐力)和1种主观感觉项目(问卷),观察9名被试者在5种模拟高度(3500、4000、4500、5000、5500m)缺氧暴露(25±5)min手动作业工效的变化。结果与地面(50m,北京地区实际海拔高度)对照组相比,插钉板、拧螺母完成时间绩效在5种模拟高度均显著降低(P0.01),在5000、5500m高度缺氧反应进一步加剧(P0.001)。但在4500m高度时,绩效降低水平反低于4000m;形状感知反应时、反应时绩效和感知综合(反应时间与正确率综合)绩效在5种模拟高度均发生显著变化(P0.01);握力绩效仅在4000、5500m显著降低(P0.05),疲劳绩效在5种模拟高度均未发生显著改变,耐力绩效(最大握力和疲劳综合绩效)在5000、5500m高度显著降低(P0.05);主观测试项目在5种模拟高度均发生了显著变化,且随高度增加,主观感觉分值也相应增加。结论急性轻、中度低压缺氧对手动作业工效产生显著的负面影响。插钉板、拧螺母、形状感知和主观问卷调查4种工效测试项目对缺氧比较敏感,在5种模拟高度其工效均显著降低;耐力绩效对缺氧不敏感,仅在5000、5500m模拟高度显著降低。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the effect of acute mild and moderate hypobaric hypoxia on manual work efficiency. Methods four kinds of objective ergonomics items (insert board, nut, shape perception and grip strength including fatigue and endurance) and one subjective feeling item (questionnaire) were designed by simulating high altitude hypoxia environment in low pressure chamber. The effects of anoxic exposure (25 卤5) min were observed in 9 subjects at 5 simulated heights (35 000 ~ 4 000 ~ 5 000 ~ 5 000 m). Results compared with the control group (50 m, real altitude in Beijing area), the time performance of insertion of nail plate and nut was significantly decreased at five simulated heights (P0.01), and the anoxic reaction was further aggravated at 5500m (P0.001). However, at the height of 4500m, the decrease level of performance was lower than 4000m.The response time performance and perception synthesis (reaction time and correct rate synthesis) had significant changes in the five simulated heights (P0.01). Grip strength performance decreased significantly only at 4000m 5500m (P0.05), fatigue performance did not change significantly in all five simulated heights, and endurance performance (maximum grip strength and fatigue comprehensive performance) decreased significantly at 5000m height (P0.05). The subjective test items changed significantly in all the five simulated heights, and the subjective sensory scores increased with the increase of the height. Conclusion Acute mild and moderate hypobaric hypoxia has a significant negative effect on manual work efficiency. Four kinds of ergonomic test items were sensitive to hypoxia and significantly decreased at five simulated heights, but endurance performance was insensitive to hypoxia, only at 5000m 5500m.
【作者单位】：北京航空航天大学航空科学与工程学院空军航空医学研究所北京航空航天大学生物工程系北京航空航天大学航空科学与工程学院北京航空航天大学航空科学与工程学院空军航空医学研究所
【基金】：国家青年自然科学基金(50406008)
【分类号】：R857.1

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