中西医融合过程中中医学的合理性研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 21:36

本文选题：合理性　切入点：道统文化　出处：《昆明理工大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】：英国科学家、著名科技史研究专家李约瑟博士曾说：“思想开明的技术史专家中如林恩·怀特(Lynn White)曾再三向世人揭示这样一个事实,即古代欧洲从古代东方国度受惠良多,东方的发现与发明大大有助于欧洲的发展。虽然诸如他这样的专家作了大量努力,但大多数西方知识分子却仍怀有那种不合逻辑的观点。”①回顾近代中医的曲折发展过程,在中西医融合发展的过程中,始终伴随着中医存废之争的问题,即中医是不是西方意义上的科学,有无价值,以及这种价值能否被扩大的问题。说中医不属于严格意义上的现代科学可以,但中医并不是没有其存在的合理性和文化价值,因为医学的产生毕竟是与它的天然文化母体有着千丝万缕的联系。换言之,是不同文化的潜在价值追求指向孕育出了不同的医学体系。在中国传统文化即道统文化的影响下,中医学具有鲜明的人文文化特征,并且模塑了其学术特征,这是中医之所以有别于其他医学的根本所在。为此,本文将主要从文化方面来探讨中医学作为独立的医学理论体系与技术而存在有无必要性与合理性这一哲学问题。方法与方法论的不同是中西医学差异的显著的外在特征。方法是在任何一个领域中的行为方式,是用来达到某种目的的手段的总和,而方法论是关于方法的理论。中西医是医学领域两个不同的分支,尽管其研究的对象是一致的,但由于产生的文化背景、哲学思想、所经历的社会历史发展道路不同,决定了它们在理论体系、思维方法、方法论等方面存在一定的差异。为此将以古老的经络学说的建立为例,在对比中来探讨中西医学在认识人体生命运动规律方面方法论的差异与互补性,进而阐释其融合的必要性。辩证唯物主义告诉我们,人们在认识、改造大自然(包括人体自身)时,方法论与认识论往往是紧密相关的,它们都是由宇宙观决定的,而宇宙观又决定着认识主体和客体之间的关系；其次,人类认识史的经验告诉我们,认识的对象越是复杂,就越需要从整体出发来考虑问题,因为“局部决定于整体”。因此,认识的主体(人)和被认识的客体(人自身以及人生活于其中的环境整体)之间的界线,不可能清楚的划分。生物医学模式是近代还原论思维的必然产物,而还原论思维又是近代哲学、解剖学和分子生物学等学科发展的产物,当时代把世界的复杂性提到现代哲学和科学的日程时,必然的产生新的与其相适应的系统论思维,代替还原论思维上升到主导地位,从而更具价值合理性。大量临床实践证明,中医学的朴素系统论所反映的,正是人的健康与疾病的不可还原性的内容。因此,中西医融合过程中,中医学的合理性就表现为它的朴素系统整体观对构建后现代“人医学”模式的认识价值。
[Abstract]:Dr. Needham Needham, a British scientist and renowned expert in the history of science and technology, once said: "enlightened experts in the history of technology such as Lynn Whitehave repeatedly revealed to the world the fact that ancient Europe benefited a lot from the ancient East. The discoveries and inventions of the East have greatly contributed to the development of Europe. Although experts such as him have made great efforts, most Western intellectuals still have that illogical view. "1 Review of the tortuous development of modern Chinese medicine, In the process of the integration of traditional Chinese and western medicine, there has always been a debate over whether Chinese medicine is a science in the western sense, whether it is valuable or not. And the question of whether this value can be expanded. It is said that traditional Chinese medicine does not belong to modern science in the strict sense, but it is not without the rationality and cultural value of its existence. Because the emergence of medicine is, after all, inextricably linked to its natural cultural parent. In other words, the potential value pursuit of different cultures leads to different medical systems. Under the influence of traditional Chinese culture, that is, Taoist culture, Traditional Chinese medicine has distinct humanistic and cultural characteristics and moulded its academic characteristics, which is the fundamental reason why TCM is different from other medicine. For this reason, This paper mainly discusses the philosophical question of the necessity and rationality of traditional Chinese medicine as an independent medical theory system and technology from the aspect of culture. The difference between methodology and methodology is a significant external feature of the differences in Chinese and Western medicine. The method is the way of behavior in any field, the sum of the means used to achieve a certain end, Methodology is the theory of methods. Traditional Chinese and Western medicine are two different branches of medicine. Although the object of their research is the same, due to the cultural background, philosophy and thought, they have experienced different paths of social and historical development. It is decided that there are some differences in theoretical system, thinking method, methodology and so on. For this reason, the establishment of the ancient meridian theory will be taken as an example. This paper discusses the differences and complementarities between Chinese and Western medicine in understanding the laws of human life movement, and then explains the necessity of its fusion. Dialectical materialism tells us that when people understand and transform nature (including the human body itself), the methodology and epistemology are often closely related, and they are all determined by the view of the universe. Secondly, the experience of human epistemology tells us that the more complex the object is, the more necessary it is to consider the problem from the perspective of the whole, because "the part is determined by the whole". The boundary between the subject of cognition (man) and the object of cognition (man himself and the whole environment in which he lives) cannot be clearly divided. Biomedical model is an inevitable product of modern reductionist thinking. However, reductionist thinking is the product of the development of modern philosophy, anatomy and molecular biology. When the times put the complexity of the world into the agenda of modern philosophy and science, it is inevitable to produce a new system thinking that is suitable to it. Instead of reductionism, thinking has risen to a dominant position, thus making it more valuable and reasonable. A large number of clinical practices have proved that the simple system theory of traditional Chinese medicine reflects precisely the irreducible content of human health and diseases. In the process of integration of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine, the rationality of traditional Chinese medicine is the cognitive value of its simple and systematic holistic view on the construction of post-modern "human medicine" model.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：R2-031

【引证文献】