用于乳腺癌检测的微波热声成像技术研究

发布时间：2018-03-28 03:33

本文选题：热声成像　切入点：高分辨率和定量　出处：《电子科技大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：微波热声成像技术能对生物组织介电特性分布进行高分辨率,高对比度成像,是一种具有广泛应用潜力和良好发展前景的新型无损医学影像方法。该技术以非电离辐射脉冲微波辐照生物组织,通过生物组织焦耳损耗和极化损耗吸收微波能量并引起热致伸缩产生超声波,以热致超声波作为信息载体反应受辐照部位对微波的吸收特性;因此,该技术不仅具有微波成像的高对比度特征,还具备超声成像的高分辨率能力。根据不同生理和病理状态组织的微波吸收差异特性,热声成像技术能够实现高分辨率、高对比度、非侵入式的无损医学检测。一方面乳腺癌肿瘤恶性增殖,导致乳腺癌组织水含量及粒子浓度比正常乳房组织高出许多,进而使得两者微波吸收差异较大(可以高达10:1),利于高对比度热声成像;另一方面,微波波长较长可轻易穿透整个乳房,具有较大热声成像深度;所以微波热声成像技术适合开展乳腺癌检测应用研究。同时,基于微波成像技术在手指关节以及多种脑血管和肿瘤疾病检测方面的研究进展,表明该类疾病也具有高微波热声响应特性,适宜开展微波热声成像检测技术的应用研究。基于以上分析,本论文以微波热声成像技术的乳腺癌检测为主要研究对象,从微波热声成像基本理论出发,重点介绍了定量微波热声成像重建算法;设计并搭建了微波热声层析成像和基于超短脉冲激励的高分辨率热声成像两套实验系统,构建了可用于MRI、光声和热声三模态成像的技术平台;开展了乳腺癌临床前(仿体、人体乳腺癌离体切片、乳腺癌动物模型)定量微波热声成像实验研究,三模态肿瘤活体成像实验研究,高分辨率热声成像以及手指关节、脑血管病和脑肿瘤疾病的热声成像可行性实验研究。主要内容为:1.设计并搭建了微波热声层析成像和基于超短脉冲的高分辨率热声成像两套系统;提出并构建了融合MRI,光声和热声成像的三模态肿瘤成像检测平台;2.提出了一种能模拟真实乳腺癌和脑组织介电特性分布的仿体制作方法,并利用理论拟合和实验测试对该方法模拟组织介电特性分布的准确性进行了验证;同时,利用仿体,人体乳腺癌离体切片和乳腺癌动物模型活体实验,首次对微波热声成像技术定量检测乳腺癌的可行性进行了验证;3.设计并制作了可与MRI进行融合的多模态成像老鼠支架系统,成功实现了对肿瘤动物模型的三模态成像和图像融合,实验结果表明:同时将肿瘤MRI揭示的局部形态学信息与肿瘤对光和微波吸收的功能性信息整合到一张图像上,更有利于对肿瘤的精确诊断;4.设计并搭建了基于传动轴带动超声探测器旋转的超短脉冲高分辨率热声成像数据采集模块,以及避免超短脉冲功率源干扰数据采集和控制模块电子学设备的电磁屏蔽系统。通过高频热声信号产生和成像实验对搭建的超短脉冲高分辨率热声成像系统性能进行了初步探索和验证;5.构建了用于手指关节成像的热声成像系统,通过将志愿者手指热声成像与MRI成像结果对比,验证了手指关节热声成像的可行性,开辟了热声手指成像研究新领域;同时,首次利用真实人头盖骨,对热声成像技术用于脑血管和肿瘤疾病成像检测的应用潜力进行了评估,通过脑出血,脑肿瘤仿体模型,以及分辨率实验验证了开展高分辨率热声脑成像研究的可行性,为开展多种脑疾病的诊疗和防治研究提供了一种新的技术手段。通过本文开展的实验和理论研究,充分验证了乳腺癌定量微波热声成像的临床可行性,为其临床实验开展及推广奠定了坚实的基础。针对早期乳腺癌检测对成像技术的高需求,本文提出融合MRI,光声和热声的三模态成像技术来提高乳腺癌热声成像检测灵敏度和特异性;同时提出基于超短脉冲激励的高分辨率热声成像技术来提升乳腺癌热声成像分辨率和能量转换效率,更具临床实用价值。鉴于微波热声成像技术的优势,本文对其在手指关节和脑疾病方面的应用潜力进行了探索,验证了开展手指关节和脑疾病热声成像研究的可行性,开辟了热声成像应用研究的崭新领域。
[Abstract]:Microwave thermal acoustic imaging of biological tissue dielectric properties of the distribution of high resolution, high contrast imaging, is a new nondestructive medical imaging method has wide application potential and good prospects for development. The technology uses non ionizing radiation pulse microwave irradiation of biological tissue, absorb microwave energy and cause thermal expansion generated by ultrasonic biological tissue Joule loss and polarization loss, the thermal reaction of irradiated ultrasound as an information carrier position on the microwave absorption properties; therefore, the microwave imaging technology not only has high contrast features, also has high resolution ability by ultrasound imaging. According to the different physiological and pathological state of microwave tissue absorption difference characteristic, thermoacoustic imaging technique can achieve high resolution, high contrast, non-invasive medical examination and nondestructive. On the one hand breast tumor malignant proliferation of breast cancer, resulting in water The content and the particle concentration is much higher than in normal breast tissue, which makes both the microwave absorption differences (up to 10:1), the high contrast of thermoacoustic imaging; on the other hand, the microwave wavelength longer can easily penetrate the entire breast, with large thermal acoustic imaging depth; so the microwave thermal acoustic imaging technology is suitable to carry out applied research the detection of breast cancer. At the same time, the research progress of microwave imaging technique in the detection of multiple finger joints and cerebral vascular disease and cancer based on the show that this kind of disease has high microwave thermoacoustic response characteristics, application of suitable for microwave thermoacoustic imaging detection technology. Based on the above analysis, this paper takes microwave thermoacoustic imaging technology breast cancer detection is the main research object, starting from the basic theory of microwave thermoacoustic imaging, emphatically introduces the quantitative microwave thermoacoustic imaging reconstruction algorithm; design and built a microwave thermoacoustic Tomography based on ultrashort pulse excitation and high resolution thermal acoustic imaging of two sets of experimental system was built for MRI, technology platform and thermoacoustic photoacoustic imaging mode three; to carry out clinical breast cancer before (phantom, human breast cancer in vitro slices, animal models of breast cancer) the study of microwave heat study on modal acoustic imaging, three tumor imaging experiments, high resolution thermal acoustic imaging and finger joint, experimental study on thermoacoustic imaging feasibility of cerebrovascular disease and brain tumor diseases. The main contents are as follows: 1. to design and build the thermoacoustic tomography and high resolution thermal acoustic imaging system two set based on ultrashort pulses is proposed; and the construction of the integration of MRI, the three mode of tumor imaging detection platform for photoacoustic and thermal acoustic imaging; the 2. presents a can simulate real breast cancer and brain tissue dielectric properties of the distribution of phantom production methods, and using the theory of fitting and The experimental tests were carried out to verify the simulation accuracy of the dielectric properties of tissue distribution; at the same time, the use of imitation, human breast cancer in vitro slices and animal models of breast cancer in vivo, for the first time on quantitative microwave induced thermo acoustic imaging for detection of breast cancer, the feasibility was verified; 3. designed and made multimodalimaging mouse support system integration with MRI, the successful implementation of the three mode imaging and image fusion on tumor animal model, the experimental results show that while the local morphological information and tumor MRI reveals the functional information of light absorption and microwave integrated into an image, more conducive to the accurate diagnosis of tumor; 4. design and set up the drive shaft drives the rotation of the ultrashort pulse ultrasonic detector imaging data acquisition module based on high resolution thermal acoustic ultrashort pulsed power source, and to avoid the interference of data gathering and Electromagnetic shielding system control module electronics equipment. The performance of pulsed high resolution thermal acoustic imaging system to build ultra short was explored and verified by high frequency thermoacoustic signal and imaging experiments; 5. were constructed for thermoacoustic imaging system of finger joint imaging, by comparing volunteers thermoacoustic imaging and MRI finger imaging results, validation the feasibility of finger joint thermoacoustic imaging, has opened up a new field of study on thermoacoustic imaging at the same time, the first use of fingers; real skulls, the thermoacoustic imaging for potential imaging of brain vascular disease and cancer detection were assessed by cerebral hemorrhage, brain tumor phantom model, and the resolution of the experiment to verify the feasibility of high resolution study of thermoacoustic brain imaging development, provides a new technical means for the treatment and prevention of the various brain diseases. Through this exhibition opening Experimental and theoretical study has verified the feasibility of clinical breast cancer quantitative microwave thermoacoustic imaging, which laid a solid foundation for the development and promotion of the clinical trials for early detection of breast cancer. The high demand for imaging technology, this paper presents the integration of MRI, three mode imaging technology of photoacoustic and thermal acoustic heat to improve breast cancer acoustic imaging sensitivity and specificity of the test; at the same time the ultrashort pulse high resolution thermal acoustic imaging technology based on the incentive to improve breast cancer thermoacoustic imaging resolution and energy conversion efficiency, more clinical practical value. In view of the microwave thermoacoustic imaging technology, this paper discusses its application potential in the finger joints and brain diseases the feasibility study of finger joints and brain diseases thermoacoustic imaging, opens up a new field of research on thermoacoustic imaging applications.

【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：R737.9;R443

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