超声介导的肿瘤免疫治疗

发布时间：2018-04-25 23:07

  本文选题：超声 + 免疫治疗　； 参考：《科学通报》2017年35期

【摘要】：免疫治疗是一种新兴的肿瘤疗法.与传统的疗法直接杀伤肿瘤不同,免疫治疗是通过激活或增强人体免疫系统,依靠自身免疫功能间接杀灭癌细胞和肿瘤组织的疗法.考虑到肿瘤的异质性和遗传不稳定性,单一的疗法不能达到完全治愈肿瘤的效果.近年来,有研究表明,利用超声可以提高机体对肿瘤的免疫反应强度,加强肿瘤的免疫治疗效果.聚焦超声在破坏肿瘤的同时可以导致机体在原位产生肿瘤碎片和肿瘤相关抗原等物质,增强肿瘤的免疫原性,刺激细胞免疫,诱导机体产生免疫应答.微泡是临床上使用的超声造影剂,微泡的加入可以加强聚焦超声对肿瘤的破坏效果,引发更强的免疫反应.利用超声和微泡的组合还可以打开血脑屏障,促进免疫细胞或免疫治疗药物进入血脑屏障发挥作用.此外,微泡还是一种常用的基因和药物载体,利用超声将负载免疫相关基因或抗原的微泡递送到肿瘤细胞或免疫细胞中,同样可以增强免疫应答反应,提高肿瘤免疫治疗的疗效.
[Abstract]:Immunotherapy is a new tumor therapy. Different from the traditional therapy, immunotherapy is to kill cancer cells and tumor tissues indirectly by activating or strengthening the immune system of human body and indirectly killing cancer cells and tumor tissues by autoimmune function. Considering the heterogeneity and genetic instability of the tumor, a single therapy can not cure the tumor completely. In recent years, some studies have shown that ultrasound can improve the immune response to tumor and enhance the immunotherapy effect of tumor. Focused ultrasound can cause tumor fragments and tumor-related antigens to be produced in situ, enhance the immunogenicity of tumors, stimulate cellular immunity and induce immune response. Microbubbles are ultrasound contrast agents used in clinic. The addition of microbubbles can enhance the destructive effect of focused ultrasound on tumor and induce a stronger immune response. The combination of ultrasound and microbubbles can also open the blood-brain barrier and promote immune cells or immunotherapeutic drugs to enter the blood-brain barrier. In addition, microbubbles are also a commonly used gene and drug carrier, using ultrasound to transfer immune-related genes or antigen-loaded microbubbles to tumor cells or immune cells, which can also enhance the immune response. To improve the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy.
【作者单位】： 北京大学工学院生物医学工程系;
【分类号】：R730.51
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本文编号：1803384