染色体粉碎——基因组灾难性事件产物

发布时间：2018-05-01 07:18

本文选题：染色体粉碎 + DNA断裂　；参考：《生物化学与生物物理进展》2017年01期

【摘要】："染色体粉碎"是最初在肿瘤细胞中发现的一种复杂的基因组重排现象.在该事件中,细胞的一条或几条染色体在短时间内发生大量的DNA双链断裂,形成小的DNA碎片,之后这些碎片被细胞的DNA修复机制随机地拼接起来,形成新的染色体.染色体粉碎事件会造成大量的基因组重排,引起DNA拷贝数的变异和基因融合,从而导致正常细胞向肿瘤细胞的快速转化.这与传统的癌症发生理论不同,传统理论认为肿瘤的发生是由基因突变逐步积累而导致的,因此染色体粉碎现象可能揭示了一种肿瘤发生的新机制.目前,该现象的内在机制还不完全清楚,其判别标准也存在争议.本文综述了近年来关于染色体粉碎现象的判别标准和产生机制,探讨了该现象与肿瘤发生发展的关系,为进一步研究染色体粉碎事件提供参考.
[Abstract]:Chromosome shredding is a complex genome rearrangement found in tumor cells. In this event, a large number of DNA double strand breaks occurred in one or several chromosomes of the cell in a short period of time, resulting in small DNA fragments, which were then randomly spliced together by the DNA repair mechanism of the cell to form new chromosomes. Chromosome shattering events will result in a large number of genome rearrangements, resulting in DNA copy number variation and gene fusion, resulting in the rapid transformation of normal cells to tumor cells. This is different from the traditional oncogenesis theory, which holds that the tumorigenesis is caused by the gradual accumulation of gene mutation. Therefore, the phenomenon of chromosome fragmentation may reveal a new mechanism of tumorigenesis. At present, the internal mechanism of this phenomenon is not completely clear, and its criterion is controversial. In this paper, the discriminant criteria and mechanism of chromosome comminution in recent years are reviewed, and the relationship between this phenomenon and tumorigenesis and development is discussed, which provides a reference for the further study of chromosome comminution events.
【作者单位】：四川大学生命科学学院生长代谢衰老研究中心;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31571314)~~
【分类号】：R730.2

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