肿瘤免疫治疗中的生物医用载体
发布时间：2018-08-20 16:05
【摘要】：免疫治疗是目前一种新型的肿瘤治疗手段,通过引入并增强功能性的抗原特异性免疫反应,来实现对肿瘤细胞长期持续的免疫记忆、预防和杀伤。与传统化疗相比,肿瘤免疫治疗毒副作用较轻,可获得较好的临床治疗效果。免疫治疗从最初的抗原疫苗类,发展到目前以嵌合抗原受体T淋巴细胞(CAR-T)为代表的过继免疫细胞治疗,治疗效果不断提高。但与此同时,多种免疫治疗手段尚存在一定问题:治疗性蛋白、核酸等自身靶向性差,在体内向靶点呈递过程遇到降解、物理屏障等,及自身免疫原性引起的潜在毒性,均有待进一步完善。将多样化生物医用材料应用于免疫治疗中,即应用载体运输蛋白、核酸有助于解决以上问题。目前,载体在肿瘤免疫治疗中包含以下几个功能:(1)减少治疗性药物如蛋白质和核酸的降解;(2)提高靶向性;(3)协助跨物理屏障;(4)减少全身副作用;(5)实现持续性释放。本文沿肿瘤免疫治疗发展进程,综述多样化的新型生物医用材料载体在肿瘤免疫治疗中的特殊作用和最新进展,并指出其存在的不足和可能面对的挑战。
[Abstract]:Immunotherapy is a new method of tumor therapy at present. By introducing and enhancing the functional antigen-specific immune response, we can realize long-term sustained immune memory, prevention and killing of tumor cells. Compared with traditional chemotherapy, tumor immunotherapy has less toxicity and side effects. Immunotherapy has been developed from the original antigen vaccine to adoptive immunotherapy represented by chimeric antigen receptor T lymphocytes (CAR-T). But at the same time, there are still some problems in many immunotherapeutic methods, such as poor self-targeting of therapeutic protein and nucleic acid, potential toxicity caused by autoimmunogenicity and degradation, physical barrier, etc., in the course of presenting to the target in vivo. All need to be further improved. The application of a variety of biomedical materials in immunotherapy, that is, carrier transport protein, can help solve the above problems. At present, the vector contains the following functions in tumor immunotherapy: (1) reducing degradation of therapeutic drugs such as protein and nucleic acid; (2) improving targeting; (3) assisting the transphysical barrier; (4) reducing systemic side effects; and (5) achieving sustained release. This paper reviews the special role and recent progress of novel biomedical material carriers in tumor immunotherapy, and points out the shortcomings and challenges they may face.
【作者单位】： 天津大学材料科学与工程学院天津市材料复合与功能化重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(No.51473119)资助~~
【分类号】：R730.51
[Abstract]:Immunotherapy is a new method of tumor therapy at present. By introducing and enhancing the functional antigen-specific immune response, we can realize long-term sustained immune memory, prevention and killing of tumor cells. Compared with traditional chemotherapy, tumor immunotherapy has less toxicity and side effects. Immunotherapy has been developed from the original antigen vaccine to adoptive immunotherapy represented by chimeric antigen receptor T lymphocytes (CAR-T). But at the same time, there are still some problems in many immunotherapeutic methods, such as poor self-targeting of therapeutic protein and nucleic acid, potential toxicity caused by autoimmunogenicity and degradation, physical barrier, etc., in the course of presenting to the target in vivo. All need to be further improved. The application of a variety of biomedical materials in immunotherapy, that is, carrier transport protein, can help solve the above problems. At present, the vector contains the following functions in tumor immunotherapy: (1) reducing degradation of therapeutic drugs such as protein and nucleic acid; (2) improving targeting; (3) assisting the transphysical barrier; (4) reducing systemic side effects; and (5) achieving sustained release. This paper reviews the special role and recent progress of novel biomedical material carriers in tumor immunotherapy, and points out the shortcomings and challenges they may face.
【作者单位】： 天津大学材料科学与工程学院天津市材料复合与功能化重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(No.51473119)资助~~
【分类号】：R730.51
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