藏区妇女产褥期保健措施及其应用研究

发布时间：2018-05-06 21:46

  本文选题：妇女 + 生理　； 参考：《青海大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：研究背景:由于历代藏民族生活居所较偏僻和自行形成的传统习俗较特殊等原因易导致藏区妇女产后无法实施完整的产褥期保健措施,而产褥期期间的饮食及行为的调节失衡易提高产褥期疾病的发病率,并成为极具潜伏期特征病征发生的诱因,另外,在藏区妇女分娩地点的选择主要以家为主的比例远大于选择医院的现状较显著,此情况会使产妇在分娩过程中遇到如大出血、难产等特殊情况无法得到及时的保障,并且专业医护人员无法及时给产妇传授正确的产褥期保健方法及突发情况应对的措施,导致产妇生理及心理变化得不到安全有效的防护,甚至会成为妇女整个生命周期的危险因素,因此,藏区产褥期的保健措施及应用是现如今迫切需要研究的领域。研究目的:基于在日常生活中不难发现常有妇科病缠身并影响着妇女身心健康的实例,其中产褥期保健得不到良好的实施而遗留病根是很多具有潜伏特征疾病发生的主因。本文旨在找到适用于藏区妇女产褥期期间的保健措施,针对妇女生命各周期发生的身心变化,尤其是妊娠期间和产后产妇的身心变化提出有效及时的保健措施。通过查阅藏医经典文献著作和实地调查、问卷访问等方法挖掘藏区产褥期保健措施、揭示藏区产褥期保健措施现状,并将产褥期期间的保健措施加以宣传和推广为此研究的最终目的。研究方法:本研究主要通过理论研究和实践研究相结合的方法,运用文献研究、实地考察、问卷调查、访谈等方法进行研究。文献研究方面:以藏医学四部医典和经典文献著作为主,搜集有关妇科疾病和妇幼保健为主要内容的论文、文件、文献著作等进行研究、比较、分析、归纳和总结,同时借鉴并学习当代公共卫生学的相关内容,得以比较和总结利弊层面。实地考察方面:通过联系当地村落负责人员并在得到允许的前提下,采用自行走访藏族农牧民家中和相关卫生所对此次研究的核心内容及问题进行询问和请教。问卷调查方面:选用单纯随机抽样方法,采用自行设计的问卷对海南州贵德县农牧民妇女(年龄在18到55周岁之间)共计120人次进行访问式问卷调查,对黄南州同仁地区自然分娩中心具丰富经验的5名医护人员进行开放式问卷调查和访谈,为整个论文的核心内容得以提供解释和辅佐。统计分析方面:对定量数据进行Excel数据录入并应用Stata19统计软件,运用Fisher检验、X~2检验等方法进行研究。研究结果:首先通过文献研究得以证实妇女在妊娠期及产后期生理和心理有一定的变化、现实生活中所引用的“邦馕(产褥期)”一词并非后期出现,而是传统藏医经典文献中早已有之;藏医学中对产褥期保健措施即饮食及行为的合理应用方法进行归纳并总结;西医学和中医学中对传统“坐月子”方法的利弊论述观点进行简单比较;对产后高发疾病及病征进行统计从而探讨妇女各周期和产褥期运用保健措施的重要性。其次经实践研究发现藏区对分娩地点的选择即选择以家为主的比例要大于选择医院;藏族牧区妇女的妊娠时间要早于农区妇女;藏区农牧民产后休养时间均较为理想,平均休养时长为21(54%)天左右;另外,搜集并整理到产褥期期间藏区特有的传统饮食习惯及行为方式;藏区产褥期接受卫生保健服务程度和卫生质量普遍较差;藏区产后母乳喂养情况较乐观,经统计农牧区分别占94%和95.5%;产妇基本情况如年龄、文化水平、家庭收入等与产褥期饮食和行为的运用有影响(p0.05);产褥期卫生质量与产后高发病征有一定的联系(p0.05)。研究结论:此论文通过论证发现妇女整个妊娠期间和产后期生理和心理变化明显、查阅文献和问卷调查方法搜集并统计产后高发疾病及病征较显著、揭示藏区产褥期保健措施和应用意识仍较薄弱,基于以上论点突出产褥期保健的重要性,因此,通过结合当代公共卫生学等理论知识以取长补短的方式在藏区开展产褥期宣教干预等活动,以此提高对该领域的关注度,并实施有效措施改善藏区妇女产褥期保健现状极其重要。
[Abstract]:Background: it is easy for the Tibetan women to carry out the complete puerperium health care measures since the Tibetan nationality living place is more remote and the traditional custom is more special, and the imbalance of diet and behavior during the puerperium is easy to increase the incidence of the puerperium disease and become the characteristic symptom of the latent period. In addition, the proportion of women in the place of childbirth in the Tibetan area is much greater than that of the choice of hospitals. This situation will make the parturient in the process of childbirth such as large bleeding, dystocia and other special conditions can not be timely guaranteed, and the professional medical staff can not timely impart the right puerpera to the parturient. The method of health care and the measures to cope with the sudden situation lead to the safe and effective protection of the maternal physiological and psychological changes, and even become a dangerous factor for the whole life cycle of women. Therefore, the health measures and applications of the puerperal period in the Tibetan area are the areas of urgent need to be studied now. There are many cases of gynecologic diseases that affect the physical and mental health of women, in which the health care of the puerperal period is not well implemented and the root of the disease is the main cause of the latent characteristic disease. This article aims to find the health care measures which are suitable for the period of the puerperal period of the women in the Tibetan area, in view of the physical and mental changes occurring in the life cycle of women, especially in the life cycle of women. We put forward effective and timely health care measures during the period of pregnancy and postpartum women's physical and mental changes. Through consulting the classics of Tibetan medicine literature and field investigation, questionnaires and other methods to excavate the health care measures of the puerperal period in Tibetan areas, to reveal the status of health care measures in the puerperal period in the Tibetan area, and to publicize and popularize the health measures during the puerperium period. The final purpose. Research methods: This study mainly through the combination of theoretical research and practical research methods, using literature research, field investigation, questionnaire survey, interview and other methods to study. Literature research: four medical and classic literature of Tibetan medicine and search for the main content of gynecological diseases and maternal and child health care Literature, documents, literature and other works are studied, compared, analyzed, summed up and summarized. At the same time, using and learning the relevant contents of contemporary public hygiene, we can compare and summarize the advantages and disadvantages. On the field inspection, we should visit the Tibetan farmers, herdsmen and relevant guards by contacting the local village responsible personnel and receiving the permission. Questionnaire survey: using a random sampling method and using a self-designed questionnaire, a questionnaire survey was conducted on farmers and herdsmen (aged 18 to 55 years old) in Guide County, Hainan, with a questionnaire survey on the natural childbirth center in Tongren, Huangnan. An open questionnaire survey and interview were conducted by 5 rich and experienced doctors and nurses. The core content of the whole paper was explained and assisted. Statistical analysis: Excel data entry and Stata19 statistical software were applied to quantitative data, Fisher test and X~2 test were used to study. It was confirmed that women had some physiological and psychological changes during the pregnancy and late production. The term "Nang Nang" (puerperal period) quoted in real life was not in the late period, but in the classical literature of traditional Tibetan medicine. In Tibetan medicine, the rational application methods of diet and behavior were summarized and summed up in the Tibetan medicine. In medicine and traditional Chinese medicine, a simple comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of the method of "sitting on the moon" is discussed, and the importance of the use of health measures in women's cycles and puerperium is discussed by statistics of the high incidence of postpartum diseases and symptoms. Secondly, it is found that the choice of the place of childbirth in the Tibetan area is greater than that of the family. The pregnant time of the women in Tibetan pastoral areas should be earlier than that of the rural women, and the postpartum recuperation time of the farmers and herdsmen in Tibetan areas is ideal, the average length of the rest is about 21 (54%) days. In addition, the traditional dietary habits and behavioral formulas are collected and arranged during the period of the puerperium, and the level of health care and health care service and health in the period of the Tibetan area is accepted. The quality was generally poor; the situation of postpartum breastfeeding in Tibetan areas was more optimistic, and the statistical agricultural and pastoral areas accounted for 94% and 95.5% respectively. The basic conditions of maternal age such as age, cultural level, family income and the use of diet and behavior in puerperium had an influence (P0.05); the quality of puerperal health was associated with postpartum high incidence of disease (P0.05). It was found that the physiological and psychological changes of women during the whole pregnancy and late production were obvious. The literature and questionnaire survey methods were used to collect and count the high incidence of postpartum diseases and symptoms. It revealed that the health care measures and application consciousness of the puerperal period were still weak in the Tibetan area. The theoretical knowledge of contemporary public hygiene and other theoretical knowledge in the Tibetan area in the Tibetan area to carry out the intervention in the puerperium of propaganda and education, so as to improve the attention of the field, and to implement effective measures to improve the status of health care in the puerperal period of Tibetan women is extremely important.

【学位授予单位】：青海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R29
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本文编号：1854038