苗药大青木在黔东南地区的应用及化学成分研究

发布时间：2018-05-08 09:27

本文选题：民族医药 + 大青木　；参考：《贵州民族大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：苗族是我国古老的少数民族之一,绝大多数分布于我国云贵高原及其边缘地带。在其长期的历史发展过程中,苗族人民创造了众多优秀的传统文化,医药文化并是其中之一。苗族同胞在其漫长的有疾病做斗争的历史中,创造了独具特色而又适应其生存环境的传统药用植物利用的知识。但是随着现代社会的发展和外来文化的冲击,苗族人民的传统生活生计方式和生活环境发生了改变,对其各文化的传承造成了很大的影响,传统医药文化也一样。传统医药知识在苗族地区的传承仅靠口传心授,没有本民族文字记载,面临流失。因此调查和收集、完善苗族传统医药知识,结合植物化学和药理学研究,为苗族传统药用知识提供理论支持,有利于促进苗族传统医药文化的保护和传承。在文献研究、野外调查的基础上,通过关键人物访谈、半结构式访谈等方法获取苗族相关的传统医药知识,采集药物凭证标本,记录和整理调查所得信息,与前人研究结果做对比,完善苗族传统医药文化知识。就苗药大青木(Clerodendron cyrtophyllum)在民间的认知及药用情况作出调查,对其化学成分及相关活性作出研究。采用GC-MS法分析大青木中位挥发性成分,同时采用多种色谱分离方法(硅胶柱层析、凝胶层析、ODS、高速逆流色谱、中压制备色谱、高效液相色谱等)分离石油醚部位化合物,通过理化常数和光谱、波普(IR、UV、MS、1D"2DNMR)等方法分析鉴定结构,通过药理学方法进行评估和筛选活性成分。1.共走访调查了黎平、榕江、丹寨等地8个苗族村寨、3个侗族村寨、2个水族村寨,访谈了25名关键人物(14名当地草医),了解了大青木在当地分布,认知及应用情况,以及其它的一些常见、常用的草药的命名、用法、用药习惯,结合文献研究结果,总结了部分苗药的命名方法,用药习惯等。2.采用GC-MS法从大青木的95%乙醇提取,石油醚萃取部位分离检测出28个化合物,二氯甲烷萃取部位分离检测出12个化合物;从大青木的石油醚萃取部位分离得到20个化合物,鉴定了5个化合物结构3.测定大青木粗提物于人肺癌细胞株A549、人口腔上皮癌细胞株KB、人口腔上皮癌细胞株KB-VIN、人乳腺癌细胞株MCF、人乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231的抑制率,研究结果表明大青木粗提物没有抗肿瘤活性。本研究对于苗药大青木在贵州部分少数民族地区的分布、命名、用法、等作了初步了解。同时对于苗药大青木的化学成分、药理活性作了较为系统的研究,对于大青木的民族民间应用的合理性做出了解释。为大青木的研究、开发和利用提供理论依据。
[Abstract]:Miao nationality is one of the ancient minorities in China, most of them are distributed in Yungui Plateau and its fringe. In its long-term historical development, the Miao people have created many excellent traditional culture, medical culture is one of them. In their long history of fighting diseases, the Miao people have created unique knowledge about the utilization of traditional medicinal plants which are suitable for their living environment. However, with the development of modern society and the impact of foreign culture, the traditional lifestyle and living environment of the Miao people have been changed, which has a great impact on the inheritance of their cultures, as well as the traditional medicine culture. The inheritance of traditional medicine knowledge in Miao nationality area only depends on oral instruction, without the written records of this nationality, it is faced with loss. So investigating and collecting, perfecting Miao traditional medicine knowledge, combining plant chemistry and pharmacology research, providing theoretical support for Miao traditional medicine knowledge, is helpful to promote the protection and inheritance of Miao traditional medicine culture. On the basis of literature research and field investigation, the traditional medical knowledge of Miao nationality was acquired through key character interview, semi-structured interview and so on. The samples of drug voucher were collected, and the information obtained from the investigation was recorded and collated. Compared with the previous research results, improve the Miao traditional medicine culture knowledge. The cognitive and medicinal conditions of Clerodendron Clerodendron cyrtophyllum were investigated and its chemical constituents and related activities were studied. The GC-MS method was used to analyze the middle volatile components of Daqingmu, and a variety of chromatographic separation methods (silica gel column chromatography, gel chromatography, high speed countercurrent chromatography, medium pressure preparation chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, etc.) were used to separate petroleum ether compounds. The structure was identified by physicochemical constants and spectra, and the active components were evaluated and screened by pharmacological method. A total of 8 Miao, 3 Dong and 2 aquarium villages in Liping, Rongjiang and Danzhai were investigated, and 25 key figures, including 14 local grass doctors, were interviewed to understand the local distribution, cognition and application of Daqingmu. As well as some other common, commonly used herbal names, usage, medication habits, combined with the results of literature, summarized some of the seedling drug naming methods, drug use habits and so on. 2. 28 compounds were isolated from 95% ethanol, 28 compounds were isolated from petroleum ether extraction site, 12 compounds were isolated from dichloromethane extraction site, 20 compounds were isolated from petroleum ether extraction site of Daqing wood by GC-MS method. The structures of five compounds were identified. The inhibitory rate of the crude extract of Daqing wood on human lung cancer cell line A549, human oral epithelial carcinoma cell line KB, human oral epithelial carcinoma cell line KB-VIN, human breast cancer cell line MCFF and human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 was determined. The results showed that the crude extract of Daqing wood had no antitumor activity. In this study, the distribution, nomenclature, usage, and so on of the seedling medicine Daqingmu in some minority areas of Guizhou were preliminarily understood. At the same time, the chemical composition and pharmacological activity of the seedling drug Daqingmu were systematically studied, and the rationality of the folk application of Daqingmu was explained. It provides the theoretical basis for the research, development and utilization of the big green wood.
【学位授予单位】：贵州民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R29

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