成无己伤寒学术思想研究

发布时间：2018-11-03 15:27

【摘要】：成无己是宋金时期著名的医学家,其秉承家技,而又精勤不倦,对古典医籍有深入研究,毕生钻研仲景大论,苦心孤诣,博极研精,深造自得,为弘扬仲景学术作出了重要贡献。成无己首开全面系统注释研究伤寒之先河,其以经解论,以论证经的研究方法为后世医家所推崇采用。其《伤寒明理论》对伤寒症状及经方方论立专篇进行论述,为伤寒症状学及方论研究之肇源。成无己对《伤寒论》的注解研究,使大论方证得到理论上的阐释,其理法方药的规律性得以彰显。成无己承前启后,把伤寒学术研究引向深入,为后世伤寒学派形成起到了重要推毂作用。本课题通过系统研读成氏《注解伤寒论》及《伤寒明理论》,结合当今学者研究成氏医著之成果,探讨总结其伤寒学术思想。论文第一部分对成无己生平概况及其医学著作进行扼要介绍。第二部分对成无己治伤寒的学术特色,取得的卓越学术成就及伤寒学术思想进行重点阐述。此部分首先对其“以经注论、以论证经”的学术特色进行阐释,其以经注论的研究方法,使内、难、伤寒学理一脉相承,具有推本溯源、互相渗透之妙,且起到经论结合、以论证经之效,使伤寒方证义理显明,内难学理具有实际的内容。其次介绍成无己对仲景辨证论治思想的继承和发展。其阐释病机十分重视八纲辨证的思维方法,注重对病证阴阳表里、虚实寒热的辨析,在六经辨证的基础上充实了《伤寒论》的辨证方法;并率先提出了“半表半里证”,是对八纲辨证最为重要的贡献。成无己对脏腑辨证极为重视,对大论许多条文病理机制俱从脏腑生理病理角度予以阐释。成氏对风寒营卫辨证亦很重视,运用“风伤卫,寒伤营”的观点解释太阳中风证及伤寒证,具有一定辨证意义。成氏首先提出府证雏形,并论述了太阳、阳明的经证、府证,其经府病辨证使六经辨证更为深入细致,并为后世经府证的形成起到重要作用。成氏运用三焦辨证方法辨析六经病证,虽与后世之三焦辨证不同,但已具有了相当朴素的三焦辨证思想。成氏对“热入血室”有独到见解,认为冲脉即是血室,男子亦有是证,扩大了热入血室证的范围,对临证有一定启发指导意义。成氏重视祛邪以护正、安正,临证重视顾护脾胃,对攻下法的汤剂有深刻认识。成氏不仅理论造诣极深,临证水平亦高超绝伦。其临证必重四诊合参,提出“妙医”在于“识形证,明脉息,晓虚实,知传变”,望证、问病、切脉相参得之,方为十全之医。其对舌诊研究亦深,立《舌上胎》专篇对伤寒舌苔变化进行总结。论文最后对成氏辨证明理,鉴别异同的伤寒学术思想及制方思想进行阐述。成无己很好地继承了张仲景学术思想,并对仲景学术有所发展。其学术思想内涵丰富,其治学方法及坚持不懈、老而弥坚的治学精神尤其值得今之学者借鉴。
[Abstract]:Cheng Wuji was a famous medical scientist in the Song and Jin dynasties, who inherited the family skills and worked hard and tirelessly. He studied the classical medical books in depth and studied Zhongjing's theory all his life. For the promotion of Zhongjing academic has made an important contribution. Cheng Wuji was the first to study typhoid fever in a comprehensive and systematic way. The theory of typhoid fever is the origin of the study of typhoid symptoms and prescriptions. Cheng Wuji's research on the annotation of febrile Diseases makes the Dadayanfang syndrome theoretically explained and the regularity of its rational prescription and medicine manifest. The academic research on typhoid fever has been carried forward and played an important role in the formation of the school of typhoid fever. Based on the systematic study of Cheng's Annotation on typhoid fever and the theory of typhoid fever, combined with the achievements of current scholars' research on Cheng's medical works, this paper discusses and summarizes his academic thoughts on typhoid fever. In the first part of the paper, the author briefly introduces the general situation of his life and his medical works. The second part focuses on the academic characteristics, outstanding academic achievements and academic thought of typhoid fever. In this part, the academic characteristics of his "sutra theory, argumentation" are first explained, and its research method based on the theory of classics notes makes the internal, difficult, typhoid fever theory come down in a single line, with the essence of tracing back to the source, permeating each other, and combining the theory with the classics. In order to demonstrate the effect of the Sutra, typhus febrile prescription syndromes are clear, the internal difficult theory has the actual content. Secondly, it introduces the inheritance and development of Zhongjing's dialectical treatment thought. Its explanation of pathogenesis attaches great importance to the thinking method of eight principles differentiation of symptoms and signs, pays attention to the differentiation of deficiency of cold and heat on the surface of yin and yang of disease syndrome, and enriches the dialectical method of febrile fever on the basis of syndrome differentiation of the six meridians. And first put forward the "half-table half-li syndrome", is the most important contribution to the eight principles of syndrome differentiation. Cheng Wuji attached great importance to the syndrome differentiation of viscera, and explained the pathological mechanism of many articles from the angle of viscera physiology and pathology. Cheng also attached great importance to the differentiation of wind and cold camp. It is of certain significance to use the viewpoint of wind injury and cold injury to explain the syndrome of solar apoplexy and typhoid cold. Cheng first put forward the embryonic form of Fu syndrome, and discussed the Sun, Yangming's Meridian Syndrome and Fufu Syndrome, which made the six meridian syndrome differentiation more thorough and meticulous, and played an important role in the later generation. The syndrome differentiation of six meridians by using the method of three Jiao syndrome differentiation is different from that of the three Jiao syndrome differentiation of later generations, but it already has a rather simple dialectical thought of the three Jiao syndrome. Cheng had a unique view on "heat entering blood room", which thought that the pulse was blood room, and the man had syndrome, which expanded the scope of heat into blood room, and had certain enlightening significance to clinical syndrome. Cheng attaches importance to dispelling evil in order to protect the right, an Zheng, clinical attention to protect the spleen and stomach, has a profound understanding of the decoction. Cheng not only theoretical attainments very deep, clinical certificate level is also superb. Its clinical syndrome must focus on four consultations, and put forward that "good medicine" lies in "recognition of the form of syndrome, Ming pulse information, Xiao deficiency, knowledge of change", looking at the syndrome, ask disease, cut the pulse to get it, the doctor is ten complete. The study on tongue diagnosis was also deep, and a special article on Typhoid fever tongue coating was presented to summarize the changes of the tongue coating of typhoid fever. At the end of the paper, the author expounds Cheng's dialectical theory of syndrome differentiation, the academic thought of distinguishing similarities and differences, and the thought of prescribing febrile fever. He inherited Zhang Zhongjing's academic thought and developed Zhongjing's learning. Its academic thought is rich in connotation, its research method and persistence, the old and firm scholarship spirit is especially worthy of reference by today's scholars.
【学位授予单位】：湖北中医药大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R222

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