中医科学性问题研究

发布时间：2019-06-27 15:50

【摘要】：本论文是在前人研究基础上,从科学哲学角度重审中医与科学的关系。生命现象是自然中一种高级的物质存在形式,对于生命的认识目前是以西方科学基础上建立起来的西医为准绳。西医发展历程实际上只有三四百年的历史,而人类对于生命的认识却已经有上万年的历史与经验积累,有些在这方面认识较深的民族还建立了自己成熟的理论。因为有人存在就有疾病存在,有疾病存在就有对人的疾病的认识和治疗方法,如中国汉民族的中医学、印度的医学、古巴的医学等等,这些医学已经经实践证明很多是行之有效的,只是由于这些医学在对生命的认识和治疗疾病的思维方式上与以还原分析、解剖化验为基础的西医走的不是同一条道路而已。确切地说,西医认识生命和疾病的方式是符合近代发展起来的科学的,而其它民族的医学各有独特的认识方式,因而对于生命和疾病也各有自己独到的见解和方法。于是发生了传统医学与西医的碰撞和摩擦,产生了西医之外的医学是否是科学的问题,产生了把其它民族的传统医学科学化的问题,即用西医的方法(或者说科学的方法)来解释其它医学治病的原理。这就触及到了两个科学哲学的根本问题：一、文艺复兴以来的西方科学是不是唯一认识真理的方式?二、如果答案是否定的,那么如何看待西医之外的其它医学?本文以本民族的医学——中医为研究对象,从科学发展史的角度分析了中西医各自的发展历程及各自理论认识生命的方式和治疗疾病的方法,又回顾了两种医学之间冲突与融合的过程,继而从科学哲学哲学的视角得出以下结论：(1)从西方科学发展的历程及其基本机理看,西方科学并不是唯一的认识真理的方式。自然现象是复杂的,尤其是生命现象。中医不一定要是科学,但从数千年医疗实践来看,中医却是有效的,从实用主义科学观来看,在合理性方面它应该得到认可,并获取更大的发展空间。(2)达到真理的巅峰不止西方科学(这里主要指西方医学)一条道路,中医和西医虽然在山脚下是分开的,但在山顶处却是汇合的。而且,在路途中双方也是可以互相支持和帮助的。在追求真理的道路上,他们是朋友,而非敌人。(3)人类对自然的细节把握能力上,近代是高于古代的；而在对自然的整体认识能力上,古代则高于近代。西医是在细节上认识人体和疾病的结果。西医之外的其它医学是人类一开始从整体上认识生命的智慧结晶。自然科学正处在范式转型的时代,随着非线性、模糊、混沌、分形等新的科学范式的发展,中医或可成为符合新的科学范式的科学形式。无论这种预言是否实现,我们都应该从学理和应用实践上尊重人类认识世界的成果积累,不断提高服务人类的价值。
[Abstract]:On the basis of previous studies, this paper reexamines the relationship between traditional Chinese medicine and science from the perspective of philosophy of science. Life phenomenon is a kind of advanced material existence form in nature, and the understanding of life is based on western science. In fact, the development of western medicine is only three or four hundred years old, but the human understanding of life has accumulated for tens of thousands of years. Some ethnic groups with a deep understanding in this field have also established their own mature theories. Because if there is a disease, there is an understanding of and treatment for human diseases, such as traditional Chinese medicine in China, medicine in India, medicine in Cuba, and so on. These medicine has been proved to be effective in practice, only because of the understanding of life and the way of thinking about the treatment of diseases. Western medicine based on anatomical tests does not follow the same path. To be exact, the way of western medicine to understand life and disease is in line with the science developed in modern times, while the medicine of other nationalities has its own unique ways of understanding, so it also has its own unique views and methods for life and disease. As a result, the collision and friction between traditional medicine and western medicine have occurred, resulting in the question of whether medicine other than western medicine is scientific or not, and the question of scientizing the traditional medicine of other nationalities, that is, using the method of western medicine (or scientific method) to explain the principle of treating diseases in other medicine. This touches on two fundamental questions of philosophy of science: first, is western science since the Renaissance the only way to understand the truth? Second, if the answer is no, what do you think of medicine other than western medicine? Taking traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as the research object, this paper analyzes the development course of traditional Chinese and western medicine and the ways of understanding life and treating diseases from the perspective of the history of scientific development, and reviews the process of conflict and fusion between the two kinds of medicine, and then draws the following conclusions from the perspective of philosophy of science: (1) from the perspective of the development of western science and its basic mechanism, Western science is not the only way to understand the truth. Natural phenomena are complex, especially life phenomena. Traditional Chinese medicine does not have to be science, but from thousands of years of medical practice, traditional Chinese medicine is effective. From the point of view of pragmatism science, it should be recognized in terms of rationality and obtain more room for development. (2) to reach the peak of truth is not only a road for western science (here mainly refers to western medicine). Although traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine are separated at the foot of the mountain, they converge at the top of the mountain. Moreover, the two sides can support and help each other on the way. In the pursuit of truth, they are friends, not enemies. (3) the ability of human beings to grasp the details of nature in modern times is higher than that in ancient times, while in terms of the overall understanding of nature, the ability of ancient times is higher than that of modern times. Western medicine is the result of a detailed understanding of the human body and disease. Other medicine other than western medicine is the wisdom crystallization of human beings to understand life as a whole. Natural science is in the era of paradigm transformation. With the development of nonlinear, fuzzy, chaotic, fractal and other new scientific paradigm, traditional Chinese medicine may become a scientific form in line with the new scientific paradigm. No matter whether this kind of prophecy is realized or not, we should respect the accumulation of human understanding of the world in theory and application practice, and constantly improve the value of serving human beings.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：R2-0

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