论整体分离痕迹

发布时间：2018-03-29 17:45

本文选题：整体分离痕迹　切入点：被分离物　出处：《西南政法大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 痕迹学所研究的痕迹,一般指犯罪现场上犯罪行为人留下的可进行同一认定的物质反映形式。除出现频率较高的手印、足迹、工具痕迹、枪弹痕迹外,也包括整体分离痕迹。整体分离痕迹,在以前常被称为断离痕迹,一般理解为整体物受到外力作用导致分离,在分离断端上所形成的痕迹。一般人常会把整体分离痕迹简单地理解为可以对合的两个物体上的相邻面的大致轮廓,而本文所论述的整体分离痕迹,除分离断端上所形成的痕迹外,还包括被分离物上的痕迹,同时也包括物体本身的性质。整体分离痕迹是案件现场和事故现场常见的一类痕迹,对查找嫌疑人,确定案件或事件性质等都有着十分重要的作用。但目前在学术界却少有对此类痕迹进行系统深入地研究。究其原因主要是内容繁杂,专业性强。本文在收集、参阅大量相关资料的基础上,结合自己的研究成果,运用比较、实证等研究方法创作完成。正文主要分为四个部分,共三万余字。第一部分为整体分离痕迹概述。这部分论述了基本概念、特点、作用,被分离物的种类以及整体分离痕迹的形成与类型。整体分离痕迹是指整体物在外力作用下造成分离,在被分离的断端上所形成的痕迹,与手足工枪相比有其自身独有的特点。被分离物是整体分离痕迹的载体,本文从质地、形状、组成类别及与犯罪行为关系角度来进行分类。整体分离痕迹从形成上来说,有三个要素:外力的施加者、力的作用、被分离物存在。整体分离痕迹可以分为断离痕迹、脱离痕迹、无断口分离痕迹。第二部分为常见被分离物的整体分离痕迹特征。这部分第一小节论述了整体分离痕迹的组成部分——整体分离痕迹形成时,会受到外力的作用、本身物质结构及外界的影响,由此可以将整体分离痕迹分解为三个部分即分离特征、固有特征及附加特征。第二到第五小节分别对纸张、木材、纺织品、玻璃从被分离物种类性质、物质的整体分离痕迹特征、物质的固有特征及附加特征四个角度进行了研究阐述。第三部分为整体分离痕迹的现场勘查及在侦查中的应用。这部分主要表述了现场勘查中对整体分离痕迹如何发现、提取及固定,以及掌握了整体分离痕迹后如何对案件情况进行分析。第四部分为整体分离痕迹的鉴定。这一部分论述了整体分离痕迹鉴定的目的、内容及步骤。整体分离痕迹鉴定主要运用痕迹学的原理,通过分析被分离物的分离痕迹特征、固有特征和附加特征,并据其确定各组成部分间的关系,鉴定的内容包括对被分离物进行拼合和整理、确定各被分离物之间的关系,同时要对工具痕迹鉴定。整体分离痕迹鉴定的程序分为对被分离物的分别检验、比较检验及综合评断三个部分。第五部分对整体分离痕迹数据库的建设提出了初步构想。当前建立全国性供比对、查找的整体分离痕迹数据库还有很多困难,本文仅对整体分离痕迹数据库的建设问题提出一些设想:如果建立数据库,最适合的办法就是先对特征包括被分离物的种属、分离特征、固有特征以及附加特征进行归纳,然后借助计算机辅助比对。
[Abstract]:In addition to the appearance of handprints , footmarks , tool marks , and bullet marks on the crime scene , there is also an overall separation trace . The whole separation trace is commonly known as the separation trace , which is commonly understood as a trace of the adjacent surface on the two objects .

The whole separation mark is a kind of trace on the scene of the case and the accident scene , which plays a very important role in searching the suspect , determining the property of the case or the incident , but there is little systematic in - depth study of such trace in the academic circle .

This part discusses the basic concepts , characteristics , functions , the types of separated objects and the formation and type of the whole separation trace .

The second part describes the whole separation trace , which is divided into three parts , namely , separation characteristics , natural features and additional features . The second to fifth sections describe the types of paper , wood , textiles and glass from the nature of the separated substances , the characteristics of the whole separation trace of the substances , the natural characteristics of the substances and the additional features .

The third part is the field investigation of the whole separation mark and its application in investigation . This part mainly describes how to find , extract and fix the whole separation trace in the field survey , and how to analyze the case situation after the whole separation trace is mastered .

The fourth part is divided into the identification of the whole separation trace . This part discusses the purpose , the content and the procedure of the whole separation trace identification .

In the fifth part , a preliminary idea is put forward for the construction of the whole separation trace database . There are many difficulties in the construction of the overall separation trace database . In this paper , some ideas are put forward for the construction of the whole separation trace database . If the database is established , the most suitable method is to sum up the species , the separation characteristics , the natural features and the additional features of the separated objects , and then use the computer - aided alignment .

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D918.91

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