痕迹鉴定意见庭审认证问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-08 19:39

本文选题：痕迹鉴定　切入点：鉴定意见　出处：《甘肃政法学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在现代法律与鉴定科学中,法律和鉴定意见两者的关系从相互抵触质疑到磨合质证再到相互促进,这个过程中两者发生的变化已难以详细追根索源。然而两者的逻辑关系在当下仍然模糊不清且难以标准清晰地界定,其主要体现在庭审过程中法官认证能力不足、鉴定客体证明力不足、审判程序存在缺陷、庭审认证责任归属等突出问题。就痕迹鉴定意见而言,它在庭审认证中则是“以事实为依据,以法律为准绳”的根本体现。然而我国目前对痕迹鉴定意见庭审认证的理论与实践的研究明显偏少,因此本文选择对其显现的问题进行探析并提出相应的解决建议。本文共分为四个部分第一章是痕迹鉴定意见的基础理论部分。探讨了痕迹鉴定意见的理论基础,首先重点阐述得出痕迹鉴定意见应具备程序上的正当性,其次讨论了痕迹鉴定意见作为庭审证据的客观证据的可接受性标准。以上探析为本文对痕迹鉴定意见与庭审认证两者的结合研究提供了理论依据。第二章是痕迹鉴定意见庭审认证的概述。该部分首先对痕迹鉴定意见作为客观证据在庭审认证中发挥的作用进行了分析,同时探析了两者密切结合的相关理论依据。最后从相关法律法规的立法角度和司法审判的实践运用中分析痕迹鉴定意见在庭审认证的过程中存在的问题。第三章为痕迹鉴定意见在审判程序中的质证分析。首先分析了法官对痕迹鉴定意见认证能力不足,包括:法官对证据证明力认识不足;法官在审判过程中的质证能力不足;法官的对鉴定意见辨析的整体理论知识储备不足。其次对痕迹鉴定意见自身存在的客观问题缺陷进行了分析,也对痕迹鉴定庭审认证两者的结合从程序上缺陷进行了探析。最后就鉴定意见的认证责任归属问题进行了研究并提出了划分认证责任的理论建议。第四章是痕迹鉴定意见庭审认证标准的探析。只有从标准化认证的概念出发,作为科学的司法鉴定和法律工作才能基本在刑事诉讼中达到统一。所以针对本文前三部分所分析的问题本文于第四章提出了痕迹鉴定意见在庭审认证过程中的一些客观标准建议。主要包括:认证标准的建议、认证采信依据的建议以及认证的技术程序规范建议。该章节不仅是对本文所提出相关问题质疑的解答也是本文的创新点之所在。
[Abstract]:In modern law and appraisal science, the relationship between law and appraisal opinion is from conflicting questioning to running-in cross-examination to mutual promotion. In this process, it is difficult to trace the root source of the two changes in detail.However, the logical relationship between the two is still unclear and difficult to define clearly, which is mainly reflected in the lack of judges' authentication ability, the lack of object proof, and the defects of the trial procedure.Trial authentication responsibility attribution and other outstanding issues.As far as the opinion of trace identification is concerned, it is the fundamental embodiment of "based on facts and rule by law" in the trial certification.However, at present, the research on the theory and practice of the trail appraisal opinion court authentication in our country is on the low side, so this paper chooses to analyze the problems and put forward the corresponding solutions.This paper is divided into four parts: the first chapter is the basic theory part of trace identification opinion.This paper discusses the theoretical basis of the opinion of trace identification. Firstly, it expounds that the opinion of trace identification should have procedural legitimacy, and then discusses the standard of acceptability of the opinion of trace identification as objective evidence of trial evidence.The above analysis provides a theoretical basis for the research of the combination of trace identification opinion and trial authentication.The second chapter is the trace appraisal opinion trial authentication summary.In this part, the author analyzes the function of trace identification opinion as objective evidence in the trial certification, and analyzes the relevant theoretical basis for the close combination of the two.Finally, from the legislative angle of relevant laws and regulations and the practice of judicial trial, this paper analyzes the problems existing in the process of judicial authentication.The third chapter is the trace appraisal opinion in the trial procedure cross-examination analysis.Firstly, the author analyzes the lack of the judge's ability to authenticate the opinion of trace identification, including: the judge's insufficient understanding of the power of proof; the insufficiency of the judge's ability of cross-examination in the course of trial; the lack of the whole theoretical knowledge reserve of judge's discriminating opinion.Secondly, the paper analyzes the defects of trace identification opinion itself, and also analyzes the procedural defects of the combination of trace identification and trial authentication.Finally, this paper studies the attribution of authentication responsibility and puts forward some theoretical suggestions on how to divide the authentication responsibility.The fourth chapter is the trace appraisal opinion trial authentication standard analysis.Only from the concept of standardized authentication, as a scientific judicial identification and legal work can basically achieve unity in criminal proceedings.Therefore, in the fourth chapter, the author puts forward some objective standard suggestions of trace identification opinion in the process of court authentication for the problems analyzed in the first three parts of this paper.Mainly include: the recommendation of the certification standard, the recommendation of the basis of the certification and the recommendation of the technical procedure of the certification.This chapter is not only the answer to the questions raised in this paper, but also the innovation of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：甘肃政法学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D918.91

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