建立中国特色违法行为教育矫治制度——劳教制度废止后的制度选择

发布时间：2018-04-30 04:38

本文选题：劳动教养 + 轻罪　；参考：《学术交流》2013年12期

【摘要】：中国劳教制度虽然在维护社会治安秩序和预防减少犯罪方面曾经发挥过一定的积极作用,但由于在适用对象、适用程序、期限和管理方式等方面都存在制度性缺陷,因此受到越来越多的批评,直至2013年11月被中共十八届三中全会"决定"正式宣布废止。废止劳教后该有怎样的路径选择来调整和规范违法行为呢?目前,主要存在三个思路:一是轻罪化,主张将轻微刑事违法犯罪行为由改造后的轻罪制度予以处理,然而这种观点不符合刑法的谦抑性;二是保安处分化,主张借鉴西方保安处分制度,建立以行为人的人身危险性为处分标准、以社会防卫为目的的中国式保安处分制度,但这种观点会不可避免地破坏或者削弱法治文化;三是教育矫治化,主张对被处分人采取一种既不是纯行政制裁、也不是纯刑罚制裁的教育矫治措施,这种观点克服了劳教制度的诸多弊端,具有人权司法保障的进步性。因此,废除劳教制度后较好的制度选择就是建立中国特色的违法行为教育矫治制度,以法律的形式明确其适用对象和适用条件,由法院依据司法程序做出处分决定。
[Abstract]:Although China's system of re-education through labour has played a positive role in maintaining public order and preventing and reducing crime, it has institutional defects in such aspects as the object of application, the applicable procedure, the period of time and the mode of management, etc. As a result, there was growing criticism until November 2013, when the third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee officially annulled the decision. After abolishing the re-education through labour, what path should be chosen to adjust and regulate the illegal behavior? At present, there are three main ideas: first, misdemeanour, which advocates that minor criminal offences should be dealt with by the reformed misdemeanor system, however, this view does not accord with the modesty of the criminal law; the second is the division of the security department. It is advocated to draw lessons from the western system of security measures, to establish a Chinese-style system of security measures, which is based on the personal dangerousness of the doer and for the purpose of social defense, but this view will inevitably destroy or weaken the culture of the rule of law. The third is the correction of education, which advocates the adoption of an educational corrective measure which is neither purely administrative sanction nor pure punishment sanction. This viewpoint overcomes many drawbacks of the system of re-education through labour and has the progressive nature of judicial protection of human rights. Therefore, after abolishing the system of re-education through labor, the better system choice is to establish the system of education and correction of illegal acts with Chinese characteristics, make clear its applicable object and applicable condition in the form of law, and let the court make the decision of punishment according to the judicial procedure.
【作者单位】：东北林业大学文法学院;中国人民大学法学院;
【分类号】：D926.8

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