二次溅落状血迹形态的模拟实验研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 21:29

本文选题：法医病理学 + 血迹形态　；参考：《山西医科大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 目的：观察分析二次溅落状血迹(Secondary spatter bloodstain)的形态特征,形成机理及其与行为方式的关系,探讨与低位打击和头部撞击所形成的溅落状血迹的鉴别方法及其实际应用价值；分析犯罪现场的血迹范围、形态和分布,从而为出血的案件提供行为类型和出血机制的判断依据。材料与方法：材料：选取三种(玻化地砖、水磨石及木地板)质地地面作为载体,建立室内现场环境。实验用血：均为死后12小时内解剖的成人心血,生前未经医院抢救治疗,性别随机。方法： (1)将总量为10ml的血液,用单滴(0.05ml)连续滴落于木地板、水磨石、玻化地砖等三种载体上,血液滴落撞击点距垂直面分别6cm,滴落高度从10cm至160cm,每相隔10cm实验5次。现场测量垂直面及水平面上不同滴落高度的溅血分布范围、血迹大小及溅血最高距离,并记录、拍照。 (2)将总量为10ml血液置于10ml试管内,一次倾倒于木地板、水磨石、玻化地砖等三种载体上,血液滴落撞击点距垂直面分别6cm,滴落高度从10cm至160cm,每相隔10cm实验5次。现场测量垂直面及水平面上不同滴落高度的溅血分布范围、血迹大小及溅血最高距离,并记录、拍照。 (3)建立室内现场环境,使用常见的钝器采用低位打击和头部撞击方式,复制现场溅落状血迹形态分布模型。 (4)对所测得数据用统计软件SSPS 16.0进行统计学分析,寻二次溅落状血迹在水平面和垂直面上的分布与血液滴落高度、滴血量、方式及载体之间的关系；计算二次溅落状血迹的喷射角度。结果： (1)二次溅落血迹在所能达到的最高点,依赖于血滴滴落的载体质地、滴落的血量、滴落的高度以及滴落后血滴的垂直反弹距离。 (2)当原血迹载体与附近垂直面底边处于同一水平面时,二次溅落状血迹所能达到的最高点永远低于血液下落高度。 (3)二次溅落状血迹和头部撞击溅落状血迹在垂直面上均形成一倒三角形空白区域的分布形态,低位打击溅落状血迹在垂直面上无这一形态分布特征。 (4)实验证明当滴落的的血源高度大于20cm时,垂直面上逐渐形成倒三角型空白区域的溅血分布,其倒三角的底角大小在血源滴落的高度100cm以内成反比,超过100cm的高度,角度不再随着血滴滴落高度的增高而变化,而是趋于相对稳定的状态。结论：利用二次溅落状血迹的形态分布特征,可以用于鉴别低位打击溅落血迹,有助于分析与案情有关的相关信息,推断出使其产生的具体机理,分析伤者的行为方式,对证实或否定嫌疑人对衣服血迹的解释具有重要价值。
[Abstract]:Objective: to observe and analyze the morphological characteristics, the mechanism of secondary spatter blood stains and the relationship between secondary spatter blood stains and behavior, and to explore the identification method and practical application value between secondary spatter blood stains caused by low strike and head impact. The scope, shape and distribution of blood at the crime scene were analyzed, thus providing the basis for judging the behavior type and bleeding mechanism of the bleeding cases. Materials and methods: Materials: three kinds of floor (vitrified floor tile, terrazzo and wood floor) were selected as carrier to establish indoor environment. Experimental blood: all of the adult blood dissected within 12 hours after death, without hospital treatment, sex random. Methods: (1) the blood with the total amount of 10ml was dripped continuously on the wooden floor, terrazzo and vitrified floor tile with a single drop of 0.05 ml). The impact point was 6 cm from the vertical plane, the dropping height was from 10cm to 160 cm, and the 10cm experiment was carried out five times per interval. The range of spatter, the size of blood and the maximum distance of spatter on the vertical plane and horizontal plane were measured, recorded and photographed. (2) the total amount of 10ml blood was placed in the 10ml test tube and dumped on the wooden floor, terrazzo and vitrified floor tiles at one time. The blood dripping point was 6 cm apart from the vertical plane, and the dropping height was from 10cm to 160 cm. The 10cm experiment was carried out five times each time. The range of spatter, the size of blood and the maximum distance of spatter on the vertical plane and horizontal plane were measured, recorded and photographed. (3) the indoor scene environment was established, and the common blunt instruments were used to duplicate the model of splash blood form distribution in the field by the way of low strike and head impact. (4) the data were analyzed by statistical software SSPS 16.0, and the relationship between the distribution of secondary splash blood on horizontal plane and vertical plane and the drop height, volume, way and carrier of blood droplet was found. Calculate the spray angle of the second splash of blood. Results: 1) the peak of the second splash of blood depends on the texture of the carrier, the volume of blood, the height of the drop and the vertical rebound distance of the drop. 2) when the original blood carrier is in the same horizontal plane as the near vertical plane, the highest point of the secondary splash blood is always lower than the blood falling height. 3) the second splash blood and the head impact splash blood formed the distribution form of an inverted triangle blank area on the vertical plane, and the low strike splash blood had no such form distribution on the vertical plane. 4) the experimental results show that when the blood source height of dropping is higher than that of 20cm, the spatter distribution of inverted triangle blank area is gradually formed on the vertical plane, and the bottom angle of inverted triangle is inversely proportional to the height 100cm of blood drop, which is higher than the height of 100cm. The angle no longer changes with the drop height, but tends to be relatively stable. Conclusion: using the morphological distribution characteristics of secondary splash blood can be used to distinguish the blood splashed with low strike, which is helpful to analyze the relevant information related to the case, to infer the specific mechanism of its occurrence, and to analyze the behavior of the injured. It is of great value to confirm or deny the suspect's explanation of clothes blood.
【学位授予单位】：山西医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D919.4

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