宪法学视域下消防灭火救援职业化研究

发布时间：2018-06-01 01:25

本文选题：灭火救援 + 社会自治　；参考：《山西大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：“推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化”作为中共中央十八届三中全会正式提出的全面深化改革的总目标,具有极为深远的理论和现实意义。从我国政府长期采取的“国家管理模式”到提出“创新社会治理体制”,不仅是治国方略的转型,更是执政理念的转变。消防安全作为社会公共安全服务的重要组成部分,直接关系到每个公民最为基础的生命权和财产权。宪法学最主要研究的就是公权力与公权力的配置以及公权力与私权利这二者的范畴与关系,其核心是限制公权力、保障私权利。在我国,消防灭火救援主体大体上可认为是公权力主体,人们在观念上根深蒂固地将消防灭火救援认定为国家职能,由国家公权力履行。反观国外,人们却更多地认为消防灭火救援这类社会公共事务可以属于社会自治,国家的职责只是指导及调度救助力量,或在社会志愿消防力量不能有效灭火时再施以援手。近些年来,我国消防灭火救援时事故频发,现役制下的消防体制已逐渐不再适应当今社会的发展需求,国家职能无法很好地实现,公民基本权利得不到有效保障。对此,人们不断呼吁消防灭火救援向职业化转型,以期推进国家消防治理体系和治理能力现代化,推进平安中国建设。但消防问题在技术层面上较为专业,其又牵涉社会各个方面。目前我国对于消防灭火救援问题的研究几乎都是就消防制度而论消防制度,难以跳出既有的制度框架窠臼。笔者认为,消防灭火救援的核心是以人为本,灭火救援就是为了保障公民的生命权和财产权,而灭火救援体制的选择不过是实现权利保障的方式而已。为了更好地灭火救援、保障权利,解决消防灭火救援主体现存的问题,不能仅仅就消防制度论消防制度,而应从消防灭火救援产生的根源——国家与公民的基础理论、消防灭火救援组织体系与经费来源的载体——国家结构形式特别是央地权力配置理论入手,运用相关宪法学原理加以探讨,从根源上彻底扫清影响消防灭火救援向职业化转型之障碍。因为只有从根本上剖析清楚其权力来源、组织架构、财政配置,才能更好地结合实际,解决问题。换句话说,只有宪法学理论研究的成果,才能给消防灭火救援职业化体制的研究提供基本价值判断标准和实践行动指南,做到正本清源。
[Abstract]:"promoting the modernization of national governance system and governing ability", as the overall goal of deepening reform formally put forward by the third Plenary session of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC Central Committee, has profound theoretical and practical significance. From the "national management mode" adopted by our government for a long time to the "innovation of social governance system", it is not only the transformation of the general strategy of governing the country, but also the transformation of the governing concept. As an important part of social public security service, fire safety is directly related to every citizen's most basic right to life and property. Constitutional jurisprudence mainly studies the allocation of public power and public power, and the category and relationship between public power and private right, the core of which is to limit public power and protect private right. In our country, the main body of fire fighting and rescue can be regarded as the main body of public power in general, and people hold fire fighting and rescue as the function of the state deeply rooted in the concept, which is carried out by the public power of the state. On the other hand, people think that the public affairs such as fire fighting and rescue can belong to social autonomy, and the duty of the state is to direct and dispatch the rescue forces, or to give help when the social voluntary fire fighting forces can not effectively extinguish the fire. In recent years, fire fighting and rescue accidents occur frequently in our country. The fire protection system under active service system has gradually not adapted to the development needs of today's society, the national function can not be realized well, and the basic rights of citizens can not be effectively guaranteed. In order to promote the modernization of national fire control system and management ability and promote the construction of peaceful China, people have been calling for fire fighting and rescue to be professionalized. But the fire-fighting problem is more professional on the technical level, and it involves all aspects of the society. At present, almost all the researches on fire fighting and rescue in our country are based on the fire protection system, so it is difficult to break out of the existing institutional framework. The author believes that the core of fire fighting and rescue is people-oriented, the purpose of fire-fighting and rescue is to protect citizens' right to life and property, and the choice of fire-fighting and rescue system is only the way to realize the protection of right. In order to better extinguish and rescue, protect the right and solve the existing problems of the main body of fire fighting and rescue, we should not only discuss the fire protection system on the basis of fire protection system, but also from the root of fire fighting and rescue-the basic theory of state and citizen. The form of state structure, especially the theory of power allocation of central district, is discussed by using relevant constitutional principles, which is the carrier of fire fighting and rescue organization system and source of funds. From the root thoroughly clear the obstacles that affect the fire fighting and rescue to professional transformation. Only by analyzing the source of power, organization structure and financial allocation, can we combine reality better and solve the problem. In other words, only the research results of the theory of constitutional law can provide the basic value judgment standard and practical action guide for the research of fire fighting and rescue professional system, so as to clear the root of the fire fighting and rescue system.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D631.6

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