20世纪60年代中国国家安全政策研究

发布时间：2018-06-13 21:51

本文选题：中国 + 20世纪60年代　；参考：《中国社会科学院研究生院》2010年博士论文

【摘要】： 本文试图从历史的角度对20世纪60年代中国的国家安全进行回顾与反思,通过外交、军事等视角,从中国与美国、苏联、印度、中国台湾之间的安全关系出发,研究这一时期的国家安全政策,并为21世纪的中国国家安全政策提供建议和参考。本论文的理论和实践意义在于归纳总结20世纪60年代中国的国家安全政策。 20世纪60年代,毛泽东的国家安全思想主要包括:(1)强烈的国家主权意识;(2)充分的战争准备思想;(3)原则性和灵活性相结合的策略;(4)战争根源来自帝国主义;(5)积极防御、诱敌深入、顶放结合、人民战争相结合的国防战略;(6)妥善处理经济建设和国防建设的关系;(7)关注国内政权的稳固,警惕“党变修、国变色”。 20世纪60年代,是中国安全环境最为复杂、国家安全面临最大威胁的时期。中国的防御地区从东南沿海转移到北部,主要防御国家从美国到美苏,尤其是苏联,中国抵抗住了来自美苏的压力。 20世纪60年代的中国国家安全的主要特点是:(1)威胁来源是传统安全领域,主要是军事安全,即外敌对中国的军事入侵;(2)主要威胁国家先是美国,后是苏联;(3)国家安全的基本内容,是维护国家的生存安全,维护国家的统一和领土完整;(4)维护安全的手段主要通过加强战备,防止或遏制战争的爆发,争取和平的国际环境。 20世纪60年代,中国在外交和军事领域调整了政策和发展方向,为应对巨大的战争压力作好了充分的准备。中国领导人判断,中国有可能将面临一场全面战争。毛泽东放弃“一边倒”的对外政策,提出了“两个拳头打人”的战略,既反对美国,又反对苏联,在国际上建立反霸统一战线。加强了中国同亚非拉国家的关系,改善了同日本和西欧的关系。20世纪60年代后期,中国领导人开始意识到必须同时调整与美、苏两个超级大国为敌的思路,避免承受双重压力。在国防尖端武器建设方面,中国加强了“两弹”、核潜艇等的研制工作,提高了中国国防实力,提高了中国的国际地位。历史经验证明,要想不受制于人,必须要拥有遏制战争的威慑手段、具备打赢战争的实力。 20世纪60年代,毛泽东把维护国家安全作为中国的根本宗旨,强敌始终不敢将战火始终烧到中国境内。20世纪60年代,中国在捍卫国家主权和领土完整的战备中,积累了丰富的经验;立足于最困难、最复杂的情况,做好军事斗争准备;坚持人民战争思想;实行后发制人的防御政策。20世纪60年代,面对严峻的国家安全形势,国防动员体制和国防建设进入了超常规发展阶段;发展尖端武器;根据我国不同战略方向面临不同任务的特点,实行重点设防,重点守备。正是由于以毛泽东为核心的中共中央临危不惧,运筹帷幄,积极备战,正是由于中国从精神和物质方面做好了随时准备打仗的充分准备,才有效地遏止了美苏可能对我国发动的战争,保证了中国的国家安全和社会主义建设的顺利进行。 20世纪60年代,中国在捍卫国家主权、安全和领土完整的战斗中,积累了丰富的经验。20世纪60年代中国国家安全政策的经验与不足,都是今天我们进行国家安全问题研究可资借鉴的宝贵财富。
[Abstract]:This article attempts to review and reflect on the national security of China in the 1960s from the historical perspective, and through the diplomatic and military perspectives, from the security relations between China and the United States, the Soviet Union, India and Taiwan, China, studies the national security policy of this period, and provides suggestions and reference for the national security policy of China in twenty-first Century. The theoretical and practical significance of this thesis is to sum up the national security policy of China in 1960s.
In 1960s, Mao Zedong's national security thought mainly included: (1) strong national sovereignty consciousness; (2) full war preparation thought; (3) the strategy of combination of principle and flexibility; (4) the root of the war came from imperialism; (5) the defense strategy of active defense, the integration of the enemy and the combination of the people's war; and (6) the proper handling of the economy. The relationship between construction and national defense construction; (7) concerned about the stability of the domestic regime and vigilance against "changing the party and developing the country".
In 1960s, China's security environment was the most complicated and national security was facing the greatest threat. China's defense areas moved from the southeast coast to the north, the main defense countries from the United States to the Soviet Union, especially the Soviet Union, and China resisted the pressure from the United States and the Soviet Union.
The main characteristics of China National Security in 1960s are: (1) the threat source is the traditional security field, mainly military security, that is, the military invasion of the foreign enemy to China; (2) the main threat to the state first is the United States, then the Soviet Union; (3) the basic content of national security is to safeguard the state's survival and security, maintain national unity and territorial integrity; (4) The means of maintaining security mainly depend on strengthening combat readiness, preventing or curbing the outbreak of war, and striving for a peaceful international environment.
In 1960s, China has adjusted its policy and development direction in the diplomatic and military fields to fully prepare for the huge war pressure. China's leaders judge that China is likely to face a comprehensive war. Mao Zedong gave up the "one-sided" foreign policy and put forward the strategy of "two fist beating people", against the United States. The country, against the Soviet Union, established the anti hegemony United Front in the world, strengthened the relationship between China and the Asian African countries, improved the relations with Japan and Western Europe in the late 60s of the.20 century, and the Chinese leaders began to realize that they must simultaneously adjust their thinking to the United States and the two superpowers of the Soviet Union and avoid double pressure.
In the field of national defense weapon construction, China has strengthened the development of "two bombs" and "nuclear submarines" and so on. It has raised China's national defense strength and improved its international status. Historical experience has proved that in order to avoid people, it must have a deterrent means to contain the war and have the strength to win the war.
In 1960s, Mao Zedong took the fundamental purpose of safeguarding national security as China. The enemy was always afraid to burn the war to China in the 60s.20 century. China has accumulated rich experience in defending national sovereignty and territorial integrity, and based on the most difficult and most complicated situation, prepare for military struggle; adhere to the people. In the 60s of.20, in the face of severe national security situation, the defense mobilization system and national defense construction entered the ultra normal development stage in the face of the severe national security situation in the 60s. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China is fearless, strategizing and actively preparing for war. It is precisely because China has made full preparations for the war at any time in terms of spirit and material. It has effectively suppressed the possible war launched by the United States and the Soviet Union and ensured the smooth progress of China's national security and the construction of social justice.
In 1960s, China has accumulated rich experience and insufficient experience of China's national security policy in the 60s.20 century in the fight to defend national sovereignty, security and territorial integrity, which are valuable assets for reference to our national security research today.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D631

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