毒品依赖者童年期虐待及相关因素分析

发布时间：2018-06-13 22:19

本文选题：毒品依赖 + 儿童虐待　；参考：《郑州大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 毒品问题是我国面临的重要公共卫生与社会问题。截至2008年12月底,我国上网入库的吸毒人员有112.67万人,且呈现年轻化和低龄化趋势,35岁以下的青少年占69.3%。毒品滥用者最终会出现对毒品的依赖。目前,毒品依赖的具体原因还不清楚。近年来,心理因素对毒品依赖及复吸的影响受到了广泛关注。本研究从四个心理层面探讨毒品依赖的成因：童年期受虐待是一种早期不良应激,它可导致个体HPA轴功能持续亢进,而体内高的糖皮质激素水平又可以增加个体对成瘾的敏感性,因此儿童期受虐待可能是毒品依赖的一个危险因素；应对与应激紧密相连,应对方式在心理应激与身心健康间的中介作用已被众多研究所证实,不良的应对方式与多种心理行为问题相关,因此也可能与毒品依赖有关；感觉寻求是一种人格特质,高感觉寻求者更可能成为高速驾车者、嗜酒者、毒品使用者和追求高刺激活动者,国内关于感觉寻求与毒品依赖的研究较少；幸福感是个体对自己生活状态的综合评价与感受,毒品依赖者作为一个特殊群体,其幸福感也是本课题的重点研究内容。本研究通过以上四个心理层面探讨毒品依赖的成因,以期为毒品依赖的干预与治疗提供新思路,为以后更深一步的生物学机制方面的研究奠定理论和数据基础。目的 1了解郑州市强制戒毒学员分布概况； 2了解不同父母养育方式对毒品依赖的影响； 3探讨毒品依赖与儿童期受虐待、应对方式及感觉寻求的关系； 4了解戒毒学员的总体幸福感状况。对象与方法戒毒组：郑州市强制戒毒所戒毒学员,共184人,男110人,女74人。正常对照组：新乡某工厂健康职工,男142人,女58人。采用现场自评式问卷调查的方法,调查内容包括基本情况、吸毒史／饮酒史、家庭情况、童年期受虐待情况、应付方式特征、感觉寻求人格特质及幸福感状况。采用EpiData和SPSS12.0录入数据,用SPSS12.0对数据进行处理和分析,分类变量的比较采用χ2检验,定量变量的均数比较用单因素方差分析和独立样本t检验。结果 1郑州市强制戒毒所在所学员男性占59.8%,女性占40.2%,年龄范围：16～53岁；小学及以下者占22.3%,初中占50.3%,高中及以上者占27.4%；吸毒前无业者有36.2%,吸毒后无业者占62.4%,吸毒前后职业变化差异有统计学意义(P0.05)；婚姻状况中离婚或分居者占32.0%；86.4%来自城市,13.6%来自农村。 2戒毒学员第一次吸毒年龄最小11岁,最大53岁,平均(28.01±7.67)岁；第一次吸毒使用的毒品以海洛因为最多,占81.1%；第一次吸毒方式以烫吸居多,占87.0%；76.1%的人第一次吸毒原因为“好奇”；第一次吸毒,毒品来自亲戚朋友的最多,占67.4%；戒毒2次及以上者占63.4%；使用毒品时,4.2%的人曾与别人共用过注射器；戒毒学员家庭成员中有吸毒者的占14.3%。 3戒毒男性童年期虐待总分(45.62±12.37)大于女性(38.75±12.61),戒毒女性总体幸福感总分(85.11±15.54)高于男性(76.89±19.02),差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)；不同父母养育方式的戒毒学员在总体幸福感总分、对健康的担心、忧郁或愉快的心境、松弛与紧张分量表上得分差异总的来说有统计学意义(P0.05),养育方式为不管不问的戒毒学员幸福感总分及各分量表得分都较低。 4戒毒学员与正常对照在婚姻状况上的总体分布不同(χ2=145.48,P0.05),25岁以上的戒毒学员未婚者占30.2%；两组父母的养育方式总体不同(χ2=43.02,P0.05),戒毒学员父母养育方式为溺爱者较多,而民主者较少；戒毒学员在情感虐待、躯体虐待、性虐待、情感忽视分量表得分及儿童期虐待总分上均高于对照,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)；无论男女,戒毒学员的消极应对方式得分均高于对照,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)；戒毒学员感觉寻求总分与年龄的相关性不明显,且感觉寻求总分始终处于较高水平,不同年龄段戒毒学员和对照的感觉寻求差异不同；戒毒学员在总体幸福感总分及各分量表上的得分均高于正常对照,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 1海洛因是郑州市强制戒毒学员首次吸毒所采用的主流毒品；低文化程度、无业是吸毒的危险因素；青少年是吸毒的潜在和高危人群。 2家庭环境：毒品依赖者的婚姻状况较差；童年期受虐待和不良的父母养育方式,特别是不管不问的养育方式是吸毒的危险因素。 3毒品依赖者倾向于使用消极的应对方式,且相对于正常人群,毒品依赖者总体幸福感较弱。 4感觉寻求中的去抑制及兴奋与冒险寻求与毒品尝试及毒品依赖有关。
[Abstract]:The drug problem is an important public health and social problem in China. By the end of December 2008, there were 1 million 126 thousand and 700 addicts on the Internet, which showed a trend of young and low age. The teenagers under 35 years of age accounted for the drug addicts in the 69.3%. drug abusers.
At present, the specific reasons for drug dependence are not clear. In recent years, the effect of psychological factors on drug dependence and relapse has been widely concerned. This study explores the causes of drug dependence from four psychological levels: childhood abuse is a kind of early bad stress, which can lead to the persistent hyperactivity of the HPA axis, and the high sugar cortex in the body. Hormone levels can also increase the sensitivity of the individual to addiction, so child abuse may be a risk factor for drug dependence; coping with stress is closely linked. The intermediary role of coping style between psychological stress and physical and mental health has been confirmed by many research, and the bad coping style is related to a variety of psychological behavior problems. It may also be associated with drug dependence; sensation seeking is a personality trait, and high sensation seekers are more likely to be high-speed drivers, alcoholics, drug users, and high spiny activator, and the domestic research on sensation seeking and drug dependence is less; the sense of happiness is an individual's comprehensive evaluation and perception of the state of his own life. As a special group, its happiness is also the key research content of this subject. This study explores the causes of drug dependence through the above four psychological aspects, in order to provide new ideas for the intervention and treatment of drug dependence and to lay a theoretical and data basis for further research on the further biological mechanism.
objective
1 understand the general distribution of compulsory detoxification students in Zhengzhou.
2 understand the influence of different parental rearing patterns on drug dependence.
3 to explore the relationship between drug dependence and childhood abuse, coping styles and sensation seeking.
4 understand the overall well-being of detoxification students.
Object and method
Detoxification group: there were 184 detoxification trainees in Zhengzhou compulsory detoxification center, 110 males and 74 females.
Normal control group: there were 142 healthy workers and 58 female workers in a factory in Xinxiang.
Using the method of field self-assessment questionnaire survey, the contents include basic situation, drug history / drinking history, family situation, childhood abuse, coping style, feeling seeking personality and happiness. EpiData and SPSS12.0 are used to record data, data are processed and analyzed with SPSS12.0, and classification variables are compared. Chi square test was used to compare the mean of quantitative variables using one-way ANOVA and independent sample t test.
Result
1 the number of male students in Zhengzhou compulsory detoxification was 59.8%, women accounted for 40.2%, age range: 16~53 years old; primary school and below accounted for 22.3%, junior high school accounted for 50.3%, high school and above accounted for 27.4%; before drug addicts were 36.2%, drug addicts accounted for 62.4% after drug use (P0.05); divorce in marriage status was statistically significant (P0.05); divorce in the marital status of divorce. Or 32% of those living apart, 86.4% from cities and 13.6% from rural areas.
2 the first time the drug addicts were 11 years old, the maximum age of 53, the average (28.01 + 7.67) years old. The first drug use drug used Hiro for the most, accounting for 81.1%; the first drug way was mostly hot sucking, accounting for 87%; 76.1% of the first drug use reasons were "curious"; the first drug use, drugs from relatives and friends at the most, accounting for 67. .4%; drug addicts accounted for 63.4% of the total number of drug addicts 2 times or more; when using drugs, 4.2% had shared syringes with others, and drug addicts accounted for 4.2% of the family members of drug addicts.
3 the total score of childhood abuse (45.62 + 12.37) was greater than that of women (38.75 + 12.61). The total score of total happiness (85.11 + 15.54) was higher than that of men (76.89 + 19.02), and the difference was statistically significant (P0.05). The total score of total happiness in the general body of detoxification students with different parental rearing methods, health concerns, melancholy or delightful mood were loose. The total scores on the relaxation and tension scale were statistically significant (P0.05). The total score of happiness and the score of each subscale were lower for the students who were not asked.
The total distribution of 4 detoxification students and normal controls was different (x 2=145.48, P0.05), and 30.2% of the unmarried detoxification students over 25 years old; the two groups of parents were generally different (x 2=43.02, P0.05). The parental rearing patterns of the detoxification students were more doting and less democratic; the detoxification students were emotionally abused and physical abuse. The scores of sexual abuse, emotional neglect subscale and childhood abuse were all higher than those of the control (P0.05). The scores of negative coping styles of the detoxification students were higher than those of the control, and the difference was statistically significant (P0.05); the correlation between the total score and the age was not significant, and the total score was found to be found. The differences in the total score and the scale of total happiness were higher than those in the normal control, and the difference was statistically significant (P0.05).
conclusion
1 heroin is the mainstream drug used by Zhengzhou compulsory drug addicts for the first time.
Industry is a risk factor for drug addiction, and adolescents are potential and high-risk groups for drug abuse.
2 family environment: marital status of drug addicts is poor; childhood abuse and unhealthy parental rearing side.
In particular, no matter how much parenting is not asked, it is a risk factor for drug abuse.
3 drug addicts tend to use negative coping styles. Compared with the normal population, drug addicts generally feel less happiness.
4 inhibition and excitement and sensation seeking in sensation seeking are related to drug trial and drug dependence.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D631.4

【参考文献】