浅析我国刑事司法鉴定制度的改革

发布时间：2018-06-19 00:34

本文选题：鉴定意见 + 启动程序　；参考：《中国政法大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 司法鉴定意见在刑事诉讼的侦查阶段、审查起诉阶段以及审判阶段都对于案件事实所涉及的专门性问题的解决起着至关重要的作用。司法鉴定意见是一种特殊的证据形式,必须经过查证属实,才能作为定案的根据。目前,由于鉴定意见并不是完全准确,也会存在歪曲事实的情况。因此对司法鉴定意见的法律性质和证据效力尚存认识上的分歧,诸多原因导致对司法鉴定意见的质证流于形式,应正确认识司法鉴定结论的法律性质和证据效力。在司法实践中,相对滞后的鉴定意见立法,缺少对司法鉴定启动程序的设计、鉴定实施和监督程序的规范以及相应的质证以及认证程序规则,使鉴定意见在刑事诉讼中的适用性受到限制,降低了鉴定意见在刑事诉讼中的重要性。针对上述问题,我国在2005年2月28日正式出台了《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于司法鉴定管理问题的决定》,规范了司法鉴定程序,该《决定》明确规定了鉴定人资格准入、鉴定机构的平等性、司法鉴定管理机构、鉴定业务的限制、鉴定人的出庭义务和法律责任,一定程度上保证鉴定意见的有效性和准确性,在立法的层面就如何有效地实施鉴定、对鉴定意见进行质证和认证展开讨论。本文通过借鉴外国成功的立法和经验,对我国刑事鉴定制度的适用中所存在的问题进行了深入剖析,为完善我国鉴定启动、鉴定的实施和监督以及鉴定的质证和认证程序提出了一些建议,对保证鉴定意见的有效性,以及完善刑事司法鉴定制度进行了深入探讨。
[Abstract]:The opinion of judicial expertise plays an important role in the investigation stage of criminal procedure, the stage of examination and prosecution, and the stage of trial, which plays an important role in solving the specialized problems involved in the facts of the case. Judicial opinion is a special form of evidence, must be verified to be the basis of the decision. At present, because the appraisal opinion is not completely accurate, there will also be distortion of the facts. Therefore, there are still differences on the legal nature and the validity of the evidence of judicial expertise opinion, many reasons lead to cross-examination of judicial expertise opinion as a mere formality, so we should correctly understand the legal nature and evidentiary effect of the conclusion of judicial expertise. In the judicial practice, the relative lagging legislation of appraisal opinion, the lack of the design of the procedure of initiating the judicial identification, the norm of the procedure of implementation and supervision of the appraisal, the corresponding rules of cross-examination and authentication procedure, The applicability of expert opinion in criminal procedure is limited, and the importance of expert opinion in criminal procedure is reduced. In response to the above problems, on February 28, 2005, China formally promulgated the decision on the Administration of Judicial expertise of the standing Committee of the National people's Congress, which standardizes the procedure of judicial identification. The equality of the appraisal institution, the limitation of the appraisal business, the duty to appear in court and the legal responsibility of the expert, to a certain extent, guarantee the validity and accuracy of the appraisal opinion, and how to carry out the appraisal effectively at the level of legislation, To the appraisal opinion carries on the cross-examination and the authentication carries on the discussion. By drawing lessons from the successful legislation and experience of foreign countries, this paper makes a deep analysis of the problems existing in the application of the criminal appraisal system in China, in order to improve the identification of our country. This paper puts forward some suggestions on the implementation and supervision of appraisal and the procedure of cross-examination and authentication, and probes into how to ensure the validity of appraisal opinions and how to perfect the system of criminal judicial identification.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D919.4

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