无辜者何以被怀疑——警察辨别真伪陈述能力的认知-行为研究述评

发布时间：2018-06-20 05:21

本文选题：侦查讯问 + 非言词行为　；参考：《上海交通大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2015年04期

【摘要】：警察一直被认为是识别谎言的专家,注重嫌疑人的非言词行为也是中外侦查讯问的重要技巧。但近年来,域外认知-行为科学研究所揭示的一系列证据表明,使用非言词行为来判断对象是否说谎的准确度很差。这种传统讯问技巧对谎言识别还可能起反作用,使得在一些实验中,警察判断对象是否说谎的准确度甚至还不如大学生或囚犯被试。使用非言词行为来判断对象是否说谎的培训和经验也不能在较大程度上提高识别谎言能力。目前,认知-行为科学已经开始了对新的讯问过程设计,新的讯问方法和技巧等的研究。在侦查领域引介认知-行为研究,不仅有助于推动实验方法在国内司法认知与决策领域的拓展,启发国内法学(律)界认真对待传统讯问技巧的局限,而且,也有利于国内错案研究在制度-实践维度以外,重视认知-行为因素的重要性。毕竟,警察在侦查初期辨别真伪陈述的精确度直接影响着对无辜者/真实罪犯的怀疑程度和追诉强度。
[Abstract]:The police have always been regarded as experts to identify lies, and paying attention to the unspoken behavior of suspects is also an important technique of investigation and interrogation in China and foreign countries. However, in recent years, a series of evidences revealed by overseas Cognitive-Behavioral Science Research show that the accuracy of using nonverbal behavior to judge whether or not an object is lying is very poor. This traditional interrogation technique may also be counterproductive to the identification of lies, resulting in some experiments in which the accuracy of the police in judging whether an object is lying is not even as accurate as that of a college student or a prisoner. The training and experience of using nonverbal behavior to judge whether the object is lying or not can not improve the ability to recognize lies to a greater extent. At present, cognitive-behavioral science has begun to study new interrogation process design, new interrogation methods and techniques. Introducing cognitive-behavior research in the field of investigation can not only promote the expansion of experimental methods in the field of judicial cognition and decision-making in China, but also enlighten the domestic legal (legal) community to take seriously the limitations of traditional interrogation techniques. It also contributes to the importance of cognitive-behavioral factors beyond the institutional-practice dimension. After all, the accuracy of the police in the early detection directly affects the degree of suspicion and prosecution of the innocent / real criminal.
【作者单位】：上海交通大学凯原法学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金青年项目《刑事错案的认知与行为法学研究》(15CFX028)
【分类号】：D918.5

【参考文献】