未成年人犯罪的原因及预防

发布时间：2018-06-21 18:41

本文选题：未成年人 + 犯罪　；参考：《中国政法大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 近年来,未成年人犯罪已成为各方面关注的一个社会问题。未成年人犯罪在犯罪成员的低龄化、犯罪类型多元化、犯罪方式团伙化,作案方式成人化、智能化的基础上又呈现出新的特点。文章的论述以未成年人犯罪的概念界定为出发点,指出了当前未成年人犯罪的特点,深入分析乐未成年人犯罪的成因,并在此基础上提出了未成年人犯罪的预防对策。文章共分三部分来论述这一问题,在第一部分中首先界定了未成年人犯罪的概念,认为未成年人犯罪是指：18周岁以下的具有危害社会并应受到刑法惩罚的违法行为人所实施的犯罪行为。接着分析了未成年人犯罪的原因：(一)自身原因。未成年人心智不成熟,缺乏明辨是非的能力,自制力也较差；(二)家庭原因。父母对孩子的教育没有精力,父母对孩子的教育没有时间,父母无教育孩子的能力,在教育过程中出现偏差；(三)学校原因。追求升学率,实行“高压”政策,忽视道德培养,缺少法治观念的灌输；(四)社会环境不良因素影响的原因。败坏的社会风气,不良“文化”的污染。文章的第二部分主要分析了未成年人犯罪的特点。当前未成年犯罪的显著特点：财产性犯罪居多；男性未成年人犯罪居多；年龄段较集中,且多为闲散人员；共同犯罪占一定比例；未成年人犯罪数量呈下降趋势。在此基础上,本部分还进一步探讨了未成年犯罪的人格形成的特点,进一步研究未成年人的人格形成的过程,未成年人人格特征的临时性主要表现为：过渡性；动荡性；可塑性。文章的第三部分提出了未成年人犯罪的预防对策。主要包括：(一)从未成年人的自身提高；(二)优化社会风气,加大市场管理力度；(三)学校教育体制应尽快健全；(四)加强基层组织及有关国家机关对未成年人的管理。居委会、村委会应关注并抓好未成年人的管理,以犯罪人格矫正为主线,实施正确的心理引导、指导,高度关注流动人口中的未成年人犯罪；(五)提高家长素质,改进家庭教育；(六)建议加强立法。严格依法办案、充分保护未成年人合法权益,加强法制宣传、履行社会责任,强化回访帮教、做实延伸服务,刑事污点消除制度,积极探索建立和完善中国特色未成年人司法制度
[Abstract]:In recent years, juvenile delinquency has become a social problem concerned by all sides. Juvenile delinquency presents new characteristics on the basis of the younger age of criminal members, the diversification of crime types, the gang of criminal methods, the adulthood of criminal methods and the intelligentization of juvenile delinquents. Based on the definition of juvenile delinquency, this paper points out the characteristics of juvenile delinquency, analyzes the causes of juvenile delinquency, and puts forward the preventive countermeasures for juvenile delinquency. The article is divided into three parts to discuss this problem. In the first part, it defines the concept of juvenile delinquency. It is considered that juvenile delinquency is a criminal act committed by a criminal offender who is below the age of 18 and who is harmful to society and should be punished by criminal law. Then it analyzes the causes of juvenile delinquency: (1) its own reasons. Minors are mentally immature, lack the ability to distinguish right and wrong, and have poor self-control (2) family reasons. Parents have no energy for their children's education, parents have no time for their children's education, and parents have no ability to educate their children. Pursuing the transition rate, carrying out the "high-pressure" policy, neglecting the moral cultivation, and lacking the inculcation of the concept of rule of law (4) the causes of the influence of the bad social environment. Corrupt social atmosphere, bad "culture" pollution. The second part of the article mainly analyzes the characteristics of juvenile delinquency. At present, the obvious characteristics of juvenile delinquency are as follows: the property crime is the majority; the male minor crime is the majority; the age group is concentrated, and most of them are idle personnel; the joint crime is a certain proportion; the number of juvenile delinquency is decreasing. On this basis, this part also further discusses the characteristics of the personality formation of juvenile delinquency, and further studies the process of the formation of minors' personality. The temporary characteristics of minors' personality are mainly as follows: transitional, turbulent, and unstable. Plasticity. The third part of the article puts forward the prevention countermeasures of juvenile delinquency. It mainly includes: (1) to improve itself from the minors; (2) to optimize the social atmosphere and strengthen the market management; (3) to improve the school education system as soon as possible; (4) to strengthen the management of minors by grass-roots organizations and relevant state organs. The neighborhood committee and village committee should pay attention to and do a good job in the management of minors, take the correction of criminal personality as the main line, carry out correct psychological guidance, guide and pay close attention to the juvenile delinquency among the floating population (5) improve the parents' quality. To improve family education (6) it is recommended that legislation be strengthened. To handle cases strictly according to law, to fully protect the legitimate rights and interests of minors, to strengthen legal publicity, to fulfill social responsibilities, to strengthen the system of returning visits to help and education, to do practical and extended services, and to eliminate criminal stains, Actively explore the Establishment and perfection of the Juvenile Judicial system with Chinese characteristics
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：C913.5;D917

【参考文献】