被遗忘权视角下的犯罪记录制度

发布时间：2018-07-09 23:21

本文选题：犯罪记录 + 犯罪记录制度　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：犯罪记录制度是一项控制犯罪保护个人合法权利改善社会治理的一项重要制度,我国的该制度正处于刚刚起步的阶段,体系性的规范性文件只有2012年出台的《关于建立犯罪人员犯罪记录制度的意见》,该意见内容多为原则性的条款,缺乏可执行性,但我国在行贿犯罪记录登记与查询以及未成年犯罪记录封存方面已经拥有相关的具体制度,我国的犯罪记录制度正处于一个高速发展的阶段,根据国外该制度发展的经验来看犯罪记录制度中犯罪人个人合法权利的保护常常处于弱势的一方,是否能形成社会保护与个人合法权利保护的平衡是犯罪记录制度能否改善社会治理的关键所在,而我国犯罪记录制度当下的大发展期正处于互联网技术快速发展的大数据时代,犯罪记录数据库基本是电子数据库的形式,鉴于电子数据的易复制性、永久储存性以及易传播性,我国犯罪记录制度的对犯罪人个人合法权益的保护将面临更大的挑战,而被遗忘权是在该背景下保护公民个人数据权利的一个重要权利,被遗忘权同犯罪记录制度也拥有这同样的精神,因此本文以采用文献研究法和比较研究法研究被遗忘权的发展引出被遗忘权,论述被遗忘权同犯罪记录制度价值的一致性以及被遗忘权对犯罪记录制度的意义,再将犯罪记录制度分成管理与登记制度、通报与查询制度、封存或者消灭制度这三个部分,从这三个部分分别论述被遗忘权对犯罪记录制度的改善。文章首先是犯罪记录中被遗忘权的提出,介绍了我国犯罪记录制度的学术研究现状,目前研究多集中在以保护犯罪人合法权利为精神的犯罪记录封存、查询板块,而体系性的研究非常少,这同我国当前立法状况和犯罪记录制度发展规律有关。然后是介绍了我国犯罪记录制度存在的问题,即容易忽视犯罪人合法权利的保护、大数据时代给犯罪人信息权利带来的挑战以及缺乏合适的理论作为指导。接着引出源于保障犯罪人合法权利兴于互联网大数据时代的被遗忘权;其次为被遗忘权对犯罪记录制度的挑战,通过介绍被遗忘权缘起、所属领域变化以及对被遗忘权进行权利性的论证,分析被遗忘权对犯罪记录的价值以及其对犯罪记录制度的意义,来论证被遗忘权同犯罪记录制度的精神一致性。最后为被遗忘权对犯罪记录制度的完善,通过将犯罪记录制度分为管理与登记制度、通报与查询制度、封存或者消灭制度三个小的部分,分别以被遗忘权为视角分析和论证遗忘权对犯罪记录制度的改善,帮助犯罪记录制更好的实现保护社会、保障个人合法权利和改善社会治理的目的。
[Abstract]:The criminal record system is an important system to control crimes and protect the legal rights of individuals to improve social governance. The system in our country is just in its infancy. Systematic normative documents have only the "opinions on establishing a criminal record system" issued in 2012. Most of the opinions are provisions of principle and lack of enforceability. But our country already has the relevant specific system in the bribery crime record registration and the inquiry as well as the minor crime record seal aspect, our country's criminal record system is in a high speed development stage. According to the experience of the development of this system in foreign countries, the protection of the legal rights of the individual offender in the criminal record system is often in a weak position. Whether the balance between social protection and individual legal rights protection can be formed is the key to improve the social governance of criminal record system, and the great development period of our criminal record system is in the big data era of rapid development of Internet technology. The criminal record database is basically in the form of electronic database. In view of the easy reproduction, permanent storage and easy dissemination of electronic data, the protection of the criminal record system for the legitimate rights and interests of individual offenders will be faced with greater challenges. The right to be forgotten is an important right to protect citizens' personal data rights in this context, and the right to be forgotten shares the same spirit as the criminal record system. Therefore, this paper uses the method of literature research and comparative research to study the development of the right to be forgotten, and discusses the consistency between the right to be forgotten and the value of the criminal record system, and the significance of the right to be forgotten to the system of criminal record. Then the criminal record system is divided into three parts: management and registration system, notification and inquiry system, sealing or eliminating system. From these three parts, the improvement of the right to be forgotten to the criminal record system is discussed respectively. The first part of the article is about the right to be forgotten in the criminal record, and introduces the present situation of the academic research on the criminal record system in our country. At present, most of the research focuses on the sealing and querying of the criminal record in the spirit of protecting the legitimate rights of the offender. But the systematic research is very few, which is related to the current legislative situation and the law of the development of the criminal record system in our country. Then it introduces the problems existing in the criminal record system in our country, that is, it is easy to ignore the protection of the criminal's legal rights, the challenge to the criminal's information rights brought by the big data era and the lack of appropriate theory as the guidance. Then it draws out the right to be forgotten, which originates from the protection of the criminal's legal rights in the big data era of the Internet; secondly, the right to be forgotten challenges the criminal record system, and the origin of the right to be forgotten is introduced. In order to demonstrate the spiritual consistency between the right to be forgotten and the criminal record system, this paper analyzes the value of the right to be forgotten to the criminal record and its significance to the criminal record system. Finally, in order to improve the criminal record system of the right to be forgotten, the criminal record system is divided into three parts: management and registration system, notification and inquiry system, sealing or eliminating system. From the perspective of the right to be forgotten, this paper analyzes and demonstrates the improvement of the criminal record system from the perspective of the right to be forgotten, which helps the criminal record system to better protect the society, protect the legal rights of individuals and improve the social governance.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D917

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