公安报警台功能转变的路径研究

发布时间：2018-07-27 12:04

【摘要】： 早期的110报警电话受理范围较为狭窄,只处理有关的刑事案件和治安案件。在1996年福建省漳州公安局率先将把“110”提升成为报警服务台,使110具备了快速处置警情和为人民群众排忧解难的功能。“四有四必”即“有警必接、有难必帮、有险必救、有求必应”,被公安部作为对110民警的硬性规定,并向全国承诺。与此同时,“四有四必”的承诺也使公安机关包揽了许多法定职责以外的既管不了也管不好的事情,使得本身就很紧张的警力资源更加捉襟见肘,而真正陷入危难的的报警群众得不到及时救助,公安机关打击犯罪、保护人民的职能难以得到履行。有鉴于上述存在的亟须精简的职能,针对近些年来“有限政府”方面的研究成果层出不穷,本文借鉴多方理论,研究了政府在职能有限化过程中,如何合理确定政府的职能范围,并完善相关法律,加强行政法制建设的问题。由于西方政府职能是沿着“放任——全能——有限”这条线索进行逐步演变的,也就是由粗放、全面向精细、专业方面转化。以美国警务制度改革为例,具体分析了“政治警务时期”、“警务进步时期”、“社区警务时期”等不同阶段,进一步阐释出了从传统的“警察国家主义”的发展轨道步入“警察公民主义”的现代化道路的大方向,同时分析了我国政府在社会生活的众多领域存在的职能过宽的问题,指出了改革开放以后,我国政府通过多次职能改革,但政府行政职能在行使过程中存在很多难以根除的痼疾,制约了社会主义经济的快速发展。针对改变公安报警台不合理的职能定位,由大见小,由简到繁,借鉴使用洛克的有限政府理论,对建立一个有限有效的公安报警台提出部分自己的观点:在政治、经济、法治框架内,以实现内部明确法律授权,逐步实现依法行政,把不该属于自己的权力还于社会,强化社会自治能力和进一步建立广泛的监察系统、提高群众对公安报警台的督察意识、重视舆论监督对公安报警台的规范作用、健全党内的监督机制、完善公安信息化建设、稳固发挥非政府组织的积极作用等方面的工作,实现公安内部的权力配置、职能设定和规模设置上的有限化,对公安报警台予以足够放权并给予其足够的自由裁量权,方便其在公共管理领域施展身手,保一方平安,促进社会经济、民生的有益发展。在论述过程中,发掘出政府职能在内部和外部所受到的影响,进而对“有限”与“有为”结合的途径进行论述,协调“权力有限”和“有所作为”矛盾,是政府职能有限化过程中无法回避的主要矛盾,化解上述主要矛盾的方法就是兼顾双方,通过政府内部的有效协调,实现二者的和谐一致,避免厚此薄彼,有所偏颇。在警察权力有限的理念下,社会治安管理理念要从过去强调“限制”、“防范”,向维护公民权利转变,管理模式要从过去偏重“允许”性规定,向强调“禁止”性规定转变,变管理至上为服务至上,由权威警察变为服务型警察,由原来的控制者角色转向服务者角色。从社会价值角度来看,有效促进了法律制度的进一步完善,社会范围内的个人或组织在一个成熟、完善的制度框架内合理的追求自身的利益,并可通过此渠道表达自己的心声,使各方面利益在法律允许的范围内相互得到妥协,得以实现利益的最大化。由此可见,公安机关及其报警台的职权一旦得到合理限制,将会更加有利于社会的长治久安,而对于解决非警务问题,除自身努力外,必须依托于政府强力主导、部门真正联动以实现优质行政,由此已经将公安报警台功能变化上升到理论层次。本文共分为三个部分,第一部分陈述了当前公安报警台的职能履行状况,以及存在的问题。第二部分用政府职能有限化过程作为例证,论述了西方政府职能、我国政府职能变化的过程和美国警察警务制度改革的过程,并以洛克的理论作为主要的理论依据进行分析。第三部分论述了公安报警台功能转变的途径,分别从前提条件、框架范围、确立目标三个层次予以分析,最终得出了公安报警台功能得以理顺的相应途径。
[Abstract]:The early 110 alarm telephone acceptance range is relatively narrow, only dealing with the relevant criminal cases and public order cases. In 1996, the Zhangzhou Public Security Bureau of Fujian province took the lead in raising "110" to the alarm service desk, which made 110 have the function of quick disposition of police situation and the function of solving difficulties for the people. "Four has four must" that is, "there is a police must be connected, there is no need." At the same time, the Ministry of public security has made a commitment to the 110 police and made a commitment to the whole country. At the same time, the promise of "four has four must" also made the public security organs cover many things outside the legal responsibility and do not manage and manage well. The alarming public can not get timely assistance, and the public security organs fight crime and protect the functions of the people.
In view of the urgent and streamlined functions of the above, the research achievements of the "limited government" have come out in an endless stream in recent years. In this paper, the author uses multi theory to study how to rationally determine the function range of the government, and improve the relevant laws and strengthen the construction of administrative legal system. The function is to evolve gradually along the clue of "laissez faire - omnipotent - Limited", which is from extensive, comprehensive to fine and professional. Taking the reform of the American police system as an example, it analyzes the different stages of "period of political policing", "period of policing progress", "period of community policing" and so on. From the development track of the traditional "police nationalism" into the big direction of the modernization road of "police citizenship", it also analyzes the problem that our government has a wide range of functions in many fields of social life, and points out that after the reform and opening up, our government has passed multiple functions reform, but the administrative function of the government has been exercised. There are many stubborn diseases which are difficult to eradicate in the process, which restricts the rapid development of the socialist economy.
In order to change the irrational position of the public security alarm table, from the small, from simple to complex, using Rock's limited government theory for reference, we put forward some own views on the establishment of a limited and effective public security alarm table: in the framework of political, economic, and rule of law, in order to realize the internal clear legal authority, and gradually realize the administration according to law, and should not belong to the law. Its own power is still in the society, strengthening the ability of social autonomy and further establishing a wide range of supervision system, raising the consciousness of the masses to supervise the police station, paying attention to the normative function of public opinion supervision, perfecting the supervision mechanism in the party, perfecting the information construction of public security, and giving full play to the positive role of the non-governmental organizations. The work, to realize the power allocation within the public security, the set of functions and the finalization of the scale, to the public security alarm station to be given enough power and to give them sufficient discretion, to facilitate their efforts in the field of public management, to ensure the safety of the one side, promote the social economy and the beneficial development of the people. In the process of discussion, excavated the government job. The internal and external influence, and then the way of combining "limited" and "promising", and coordinating the contradiction between "limited power" and "doing something", is the main contradiction that can not be avoided in the process of the government's function. The method of resolving the above main contradictions is to give consideration to both sides and through effective coordination within the government. Under the concept of limited police power, the concept of social security management should emphasize "limit", "guard", change to the protection of citizens' rights, and the management mode should change from "permissible" provisions in the past, to stress the "Prohibition" regulation and to change management supremacy under the concept of the limited power of police power. For service supremacy, from the authority police to the service-oriented police, from the role of the original controller to the role of the servicer. From the point of view of social value, it effectively promotes the further improvement of the legal system. The individual or organization within the social scope can pursue its own interests in a mature, perfect system frame, and can pass the canal through this canal. It can be seen that, once the power of the public security organs and their alarm stations is reasonably restricted, the public security organs and their alarm stations will be more conducive to the long-term stability of the society, and it is necessary to rely on their own efforts to solve the non police problems. With the government's strong leadership and the real linkage of departments to achieve high quality administration, the function of public security alarm desk has risen to the theoretical level.
This article is divided into three parts. The first part states the current situation of the function performance of the public security alarm station and the existing problems. The second part uses the process of the government function as an example, discusses the functions of the western government, the process of the change of the function of our government and the process of the reform of the police police system in the United States, and is made by Rock's theory. This paper analyzes the main theoretical basis. The third part discusses the ways of the function transformation of the public security alarm table, which are analyzed from the premise condition, the frame range and the target three levels. Finally, the corresponding ways to straighten out the functions of the public security alarm table are obtained.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D631.1

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