国家安全竞争战略探析

发布时间：2018-08-09 07:12

【摘要】：随着全球化时代国家间复杂相互依赖的加深以及核网等恐怖平衡的强化,大国之间越来越难以通过大战方式来获取绝对安全。在这一背景下,大国间的国家安全斗争形式日益趋向和平竞争性质,即不再以追求你死我活的零和博弈为宗旨,而代之以争夺相对安全竞争优势,以压倒对方斗争意志从而迫使对方屈服为目的。借鉴西方成熟的商业竞争理论和原则,将其应用到国家安全斗争领域,可以发现,国家安全竞争战略的根本宗旨是以同质竞争来增强"以正合"的能力,又通过异质竞争来提升以奇胜的能力。着眼当前国际斗争形势,国家安全竞争应把握以下主要原则:保持和塑造自身独特价值,保持成本和收益的平衡,有所为有所不为,竞争对抗与合作共赢相结合以及同质竞争与异质竞争相结合等。而要获取国家安全竞争优势,首先在路径选择上要坚持经济实力领先策略,这是大国竞争优势的根本所系。其次,相对于"增益",总成本最低化则是通过"止损"来确保竞争优势的不二法门。在此基础上,还要善于利用战略不对称的差异化、战略集中以及战略转型期内弯道超车等多种策略来获取竞争优势。新形势下,中国国家安全战略布局已初步形成有利的竞争态势,这种态势的核心是:办好自己的事情,避免与美国正面战略对撞,同时,加快打造非对称竞争优势以形成对美有效制衡态势。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of complex interdependence among countries in the era of globalization and the strengthening of the balance of terror such as nuclear networks, it is becoming increasingly difficult for great powers to obtain absolute security by means of war. Against this background, the form of national security struggle among great powers is increasingly moving towards the nature of peaceful competition, that is, the purpose of the zero-sum game, which is no longer the pursuit of a life and death game, but to compete for the competitive advantage of relative security. The purpose is to overwhelm the opposing party's will to fight and thus force the other party to yield. Referring to the mature commercial competition theories and principles in the West, and applying them to the field of national security struggle, it can be found that the fundamental purpose of the national security competition strategy is to strengthen the ability of "positive match" with homogeneous competition. Through heterogeneous competition to enhance the ability to win by surprise. In view of the current international struggle situation, national security competition should grasp the following main principles: to maintain and shape their own unique value, to maintain the balance between costs and benefits, and to do something wrong. Competitive confrontation and cooperation-win-win combination and homogeneous competition and heterogeneous competition and so on. In order to obtain the competitive advantage of national security, we must first adhere to the strategy of leading economic strength in the choice of path, which is the fundamental link of the competitive advantage of big countries. Second, relative to gain, total cost minimization is through "stop loss" to ensure a competitive advantage. On this basis, we should be good at taking advantage of such strategies as strategic asymmetry differentiation, strategic concentration and corner overtaking in strategic transition period to gain competitive advantage. Under the new situation, the layout of China's national security strategy has initially formed a favorable competitive posture, the core of which is to do its own thing well, to avoid confrontation with the positive strategy of the United States, and at the same time, Speed up the creation of asymmetric competitive advantage to form an effective balance to the United States.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院世界经济与政治研究所;
【分类号】：D035.3

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