城市“易犯罪”空间研究

发布时间：2018-12-12 00:22

【摘要】：本文明确提出“城市‘易犯罪’空间”的概念来解释城市空间对犯罪行为的影响。紧扣“什么样的城市空间容易发生犯罪”这个关键问题,从城市空间的空间位置、空间形态和空间氛围三个属性切入,初步梳理总结了国内外对物质空间影响犯罪行为的已有研究,并用2000年以后北京城市的实际案例加以佐证。本文初步全面地分析了影响犯罪行为的物质空间因素和作用机制,归纳出“两种位置特征,三种形态特征和三种氛围特征”,较为系统地构建起规划设计应该注意的物质空间因素体系,并在此基础上比较了中西方改造城市空间整治犯罪问题的策略方法、实施方式和效果影响。本文希望从建筑学角度,为应对我国城市高速发展过程中所面临的社会治安问题,初步提供科学统筹“城市建设”和“犯罪治理”的理论依据和参考经验,同时也促进建筑学科和规划设计专业全面参与进我国“社会治安综合治理”工作和构建“社会主义和谐社会”的宏伟蓝图。本文共分为五个部分,共八章: 第一部分“破题”,包括第1章。介绍了研究的背景意义和思路方法。第二部分“联系”,包括第2章。借鉴了犯罪学的相关理论,构建起“空间”和“犯罪”的三种联系,即“空间位置影响犯罪动机,空间形态影响犯罪机会,空间氛围影响犯罪控制”。第三部分“分析”,包括第3、4、5章。分别从空间的三方面属性——空间位置、空间形态和空间氛围出发,分析了城市空间对犯罪行为的影响,总结和归纳了这三方面空间属性所包含的八种空间特征,并分析了这些特征所对应的十八种物质空间因素及其对犯罪行为的作用机制。第四部分“对比”,包括第6、7章。比较了中西方整治城市“易犯罪”空间的策略方法、实施方式和效果影响,发现了我国整治工作中存在规划设计参与不足的问题,并对此提出个人观点和初步建议。第五部分“总结”,包括第8章。总体回顾了本文研究内容并展望了该研究今后可能的发展。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the concept of "urban crime-prone space" is put forward to explain the influence of urban space on criminal behavior. The key question of "what kind of urban space is prone to crime" is closely linked to the three attributes of the spatial position, spatial form and spatial atmosphere of urban space. This paper summarizes the existing research on the influence of physical space on criminal behavior at home and abroad, and proves it by the actual case of Beijing city after 2000. In this paper, the material spatial factors and the action mechanism that affect the criminal behavior are analyzed, and "two kinds of location characteristics, three morphological characteristics and three kinds of atmosphere characteristics" are concluded. The system of physical and spatial factors which should be paid attention to in planning and design is systematically constructed, and on the basis of this, the strategies, methods, implementation methods and effects of urban space renovation in China and the West are compared. From the angle of architecture, this paper hopes to provide the theoretical basis and reference experience of "urban construction" and "crime governance" in order to deal with the problems of social security in the process of rapid development of cities in China. At the same time, it also promotes the comprehensive participation of architectural disciplines and planning and design majors in the work of "comprehensive management of social security" and the grand blueprint for building a "socialist harmonious society". This paper is divided into five parts, eight chapters: the first part, "problem solving", including Chapter 1. The background significance and thinking method of the research are introduced. The second part is "connection", including Chapter 2. Drawing lessons from the relevant theories of criminology, three kinds of connections between "space" and "crime" are constructed, that is, "space position affects crime motive, spatial form affects crime opportunity, and space atmosphere influences crime control". The third part is "Analysis", including Chapter 3, Chapter 4 and Chapter 5. This paper analyzes the influence of urban space on criminal behavior from three aspects of spatial attributes-spatial location, spatial form and spatial atmosphere, and summarizes the eight spatial characteristics of these three spatial attributes. This paper also analyzes 18 kinds of material space factors corresponding to these characteristics and their mechanism of action on criminal behavior. The fourth part is "contrast", including Chapter 6 and Chapter 7. This paper compares the strategies, methods, implementation methods and effects of the Chinese and Western countries in renovating the urban "crime prone" space, finds out that there is insufficient participation in planning and design in the renovation work of our country, and puts forward some personal views and preliminary suggestions. The fifth part is "Summary", including Chapter 8. The contents of this paper are reviewed and the possible future development of this study is prospected.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D917;TU981

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