H死亡原因鉴定结论的证据法学分析
发布时间：2018-12-27 08:45
【摘要】： 死亡原因鉴定结论对故意伤害(致人死亡)、故意杀人等常见、多发案件的处理有至关重要的作用,即对案件事实的查明、性质的认定,对正确适用法律,判明罪与非罪、此罪与彼罪,对准确量刑及附带民事诉讼的处理等,都有重大的意义。 本文首先介绍了我国刑事诉讼中的一个死因鉴定案例。在交代了分析的进路后,以鉴定结论的证据能力、证明力为切入点,对我国刑事诉讼中死因鉴定方面存在的主要问题分如下六个部分作了分析: 第一部分:鉴定启动方面的分析。指出了我国刑事诉讼实践中鉴定启动上存在的问题,和问题产生的原因;分析了鉴定启动对鉴定结论证据能力、证明力的影响;归纳了我国刑事诉讼鉴定启动制度的特点及不足。 第二部分:鉴定人资格方面的分析。探讨了鉴定人资格如何对鉴定结论证据能力、证明力发生影响;结合案例指出我国法医学鉴定人资格制度上存在的问题及其危害;提出学习有关国家在法医学鉴定人资格制度上的好的做法和经验。 第三部分:鉴定机构中立性方面的分析。指出了鉴定机构如何对鉴定结论证据能力或证明力发生影响;探讨了鉴定机构中立性与鉴定人中立性的关系;指出我国刑事诉讼法医学鉴定机构和鉴定人不中立的现状;结合案情,重点探讨了这种不中立对公安系统法医学鉴定人的鉴定活动的负面影响;和对死因鉴定结论证明力的负面影响;结合案例,探讨了鉴定机构附属于法院系统对鉴定结论证明力评估的影响;最后介绍了主要发达国家刑事诉讼中死因鉴定机构中立性的好的做法。 第四部分:检验鉴定的实施方面的分析。结合案例从被鉴定客体、检材和法医学检验两方面,探讨了检验鉴定的实施对死因鉴定结论证明力的影响。 第五部分:鉴定依据、原理的遵循和论证方面的分析。紧扣案例中的鉴定情况,首先探讨了案例中鉴定依据、原理的遵循对死因鉴定结论证明力的消极影响;然后用较大篇幅探讨了鉴定书中的分析论证情况对死因鉴定结论证明力的消极影响,和对一审判决结果的消极影响。 第六部分:表述方面的分析。探讨了表述不清对死因鉴定结论证明力评估的影响。 本文着重分析了以上六方面的问题是如何对死因鉴定结论的证据能力或证明力发生消极影响的。本文以本案“最高法”鉴定结论和一审判决结果为例,深入分析了虽有证据能力但证明力较低的死因鉴定结论对实体裁判结果产生的深远的负面影响。 本文不仅揭示了所选取的案例中存在的一些问题及其产生的原因,而且使读者能够较全面、深入地把握我国刑事诉讼中死因鉴定问题的实质,更清晰地认识到问题的危害性。从而唤起人们、特别是司法实务界和学界同仁们,对我国刑事诉讼涉及的死因鉴定问题的重视。以期通过各方共同努力,促进存在的问题的解决。
[Abstract]:The conclusion of the appraisal of the cause of death is of great importance to the treatment of common and multiple cases, such as intentional injury (causing death), intentional homicide and so on, that is, to find out the facts of the case, to determine the nature of the case, to apply the law correctly, to convict the crime and the non-crime, This crime and that crime are of great significance to accurate sentencing and the handling of incidental civil proceedings. This paper first introduces a case of death identification in criminal proceedings in China. After giving an account of the approach to the analysis, starting with the evidentiary ability and the power of proof of the appraisal conclusion, The main problems in the identification of the cause of death in criminal proceedings in China are analyzed in six parts as follows: the first part: the analysis of the initiation of identification. This paper points out the problems existing in the initiation of identification in our country's criminal procedure practice and the causes of the problems, and analyzes the influence of the initiation of identification on the ability of evidence and the power of proof. This paper summarizes the characteristics and shortcomings of the initiation system of criminal procedure identification in our country. The second part: the analysis of the qualification of experts. This paper probes into how the qualification of expert affects the ability of evidence and the power of proof, and points out the problems and harm of the qualification system of forensic medicine in our country. Put forward the good practice and experience of studying the forensic expert qualification system of the countries concerned. The third part: the analysis of the neutral aspect of the appraisal institution. This paper points out how the appraisal institution affects the evidential ability or the power of proof of the appraisal conclusion, probes into the relationship between the neutrality of the appraisal institution and the neutrality of the expert, and points out the present situation that the medical appraisal institution and the expert are not neutral in our country's criminal procedure law. Combined with the facts of the case, the negative impact of this non-neutrality on the forensic experts' identification activities in the public security system, and the negative influence on the proving power of the conclusion of the death appraisal are discussed. Combined with the case, the paper discusses the influence of the appraising institution attached to the court system on the evaluation of the power of proof of the appraisal conclusion, and finally introduces the good practice of the neutrality of the death appraisal institution in the criminal proceedings in the major developed countries. The fourth part: the analysis of the implementation of inspection and appraisal. In this paper, the influence of the implementation of test identification on the power of proof of death identification was discussed from the aspects of object, material and forensic examination. The fifth part: the appraisal basis, the principle follow and the demonstration aspect analysis. First of all, the paper discusses the basis of identification in the case, and the negative influence of the principle on the proof of the conclusion of the death appraisal; Then it discusses the negative influence of the analysis and argument in the appraisal book on the power of proof of the conclusion of the death appraisal and the negative influence on the result of the first instance judgment. The sixth part: the analysis of representation. This paper discusses the influence of unclear expression on the evaluation of the probative power of the conclusion of death identification. This paper focuses on how the above six problems have a negative impact on the evidential ability or probative power of the conclusion of death identification. Taking the conclusion of the Supreme Law and the result of the first instance judgment as examples, this paper deeply analyzes the profound negative effect of the conclusion of the coroner's cause of death, which has the ability of evidence but the less power of proof, on the result of substantive judgment. This paper not only reveals some problems existing in the selected cases and their causes, but also enables readers to grasp the essence of the question of the cause of death in criminal proceedings in our country, and to understand the harmfulness of the problem more clearly. In order to arouse people, especially the judicial practice and academic colleagues, to our criminal proceedings involved in the issue of death identification. With a view to promoting the solution of existing problems through the joint efforts of all parties.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D918.9
[Abstract]:The conclusion of the appraisal of the cause of death is of great importance to the treatment of common and multiple cases, such as intentional injury (causing death), intentional homicide and so on, that is, to find out the facts of the case, to determine the nature of the case, to apply the law correctly, to convict the crime and the non-crime, This crime and that crime are of great significance to accurate sentencing and the handling of incidental civil proceedings. This paper first introduces a case of death identification in criminal proceedings in China. After giving an account of the approach to the analysis, starting with the evidentiary ability and the power of proof of the appraisal conclusion, The main problems in the identification of the cause of death in criminal proceedings in China are analyzed in six parts as follows: the first part: the analysis of the initiation of identification. This paper points out the problems existing in the initiation of identification in our country's criminal procedure practice and the causes of the problems, and analyzes the influence of the initiation of identification on the ability of evidence and the power of proof. This paper summarizes the characteristics and shortcomings of the initiation system of criminal procedure identification in our country. The second part: the analysis of the qualification of experts. This paper probes into how the qualification of expert affects the ability of evidence and the power of proof, and points out the problems and harm of the qualification system of forensic medicine in our country. Put forward the good practice and experience of studying the forensic expert qualification system of the countries concerned. The third part: the analysis of the neutral aspect of the appraisal institution. This paper points out how the appraisal institution affects the evidential ability or the power of proof of the appraisal conclusion, probes into the relationship between the neutrality of the appraisal institution and the neutrality of the expert, and points out the present situation that the medical appraisal institution and the expert are not neutral in our country's criminal procedure law. Combined with the facts of the case, the negative impact of this non-neutrality on the forensic experts' identification activities in the public security system, and the negative influence on the proving power of the conclusion of the death appraisal are discussed. Combined with the case, the paper discusses the influence of the appraising institution attached to the court system on the evaluation of the power of proof of the appraisal conclusion, and finally introduces the good practice of the neutrality of the death appraisal institution in the criminal proceedings in the major developed countries. The fourth part: the analysis of the implementation of inspection and appraisal. In this paper, the influence of the implementation of test identification on the power of proof of death identification was discussed from the aspects of object, material and forensic examination. The fifth part: the appraisal basis, the principle follow and the demonstration aspect analysis. First of all, the paper discusses the basis of identification in the case, and the negative influence of the principle on the proof of the conclusion of the death appraisal; Then it discusses the negative influence of the analysis and argument in the appraisal book on the power of proof of the conclusion of the death appraisal and the negative influence on the result of the first instance judgment. The sixth part: the analysis of representation. This paper discusses the influence of unclear expression on the evaluation of the probative power of the conclusion of death identification. This paper focuses on how the above six problems have a negative impact on the evidential ability or probative power of the conclusion of death identification. Taking the conclusion of the Supreme Law and the result of the first instance judgment as examples, this paper deeply analyzes the profound negative effect of the conclusion of the coroner's cause of death, which has the ability of evidence but the less power of proof, on the result of substantive judgment. This paper not only reveals some problems existing in the selected cases and their causes, but also enables readers to grasp the essence of the question of the cause of death in criminal proceedings in our country, and to understand the harmfulness of the problem more clearly. In order to arouse people, especially the judicial practice and academic colleagues, to our criminal proceedings involved in the issue of death identification. With a view to promoting the solution of existing problems through the joint efforts of all parties.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D918.9
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