住区开放与犯罪:国外情境下的实证评估与理论剖析

发布时间：2019-02-16 18:37

【摘要】：为科学客观地回答"封闭住宅小区开放后是否会增加犯罪"这一问题,对关于封闭住区与犯罪案件之间关系的国际实证性研究进行了分析与整理,并基于环境犯罪学理论,阐述了犯罪者与封闭住区之间的作用机制、住区安全感知误区及其形成原因、住区开放背景下的有效犯罪防控策略等内容。国际案例实证结果和环境犯罪理论剖析均表明,封闭住区并不能显著地降低犯罪被害率,即封闭住区内未必会更安全。对住区内居民异质性的忽略、对犯罪发生机理理解的欠缺,以及相关利益群体的诱导,导致"社区安全性"与"居民安全感"之间不匹配,从而产生"封闭住区能减少犯罪"的广泛误解。研究结果可为我国的城市规划建设管理工作提供科学的犯罪防控借鉴。
[Abstract]:In order to scientifically and objectively answer the question "whether the crime will increase after the opening of the closed residential district", this paper analyzes and arranges the international empirical study on the relationship between the closed residential district and the crime case, and based on the theory of environmental criminology, This paper expounds the mechanism of action between the offender and the closed residential area, the misunderstanding of the security perception of the residential area and the reasons for its formation, and the effective crime prevention and control strategy under the background of the open residential area, and so on. The empirical results of international cases and the analysis of environmental crime theory show that closed settlements can not significantly reduce the crime victimization rate, that is to say, it may not be safer to close the residential areas. The neglect of the heterogeneity of residents, the lack of understanding of the mechanism of crime, and the induction of relevant interest groups lead to the mismatch between "community safety" and "resident sense of security". As a result, there is a widespread misunderstanding that closed settlements can reduce crime. The results can provide a scientific reference for the management of urban planning and construction in China.
【作者单位】：中山大学地理科学与规划学院;中山大学综合地理信息研究中心;美国辛辛那提大学地理系;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金重点项目(41531178);国家自然科学基金面上项目(41171140);国家自然科学基金优秀青年项目(41522104) 广东省自然科学基金研究团队项目(2014A030312010)
【分类号】：D917

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