案件侦查中的合情推理模式

发布时间：2019-02-17 15:50

【摘要】： 侦查推理一直是案件侦查中一个重要而又有些神秘的问题。对于案件的侦破来说,如何从各种纷繁糅杂的线索中寻找出一条通往真相的思维之路,关键就在于侦查人员能否进行正确的逻辑推理。而目前对于侦查推理的研究而言,无论是刑事侦查专家还是逻辑学家都还停留在一个较为粗糙的阶段。本文旨在通过对合情推理理论的研究和拓展,以期推动侦查推理理论研究的进一步前行,并对侦查实践提供些许有益的帮助。合情推理理论应用于侦查推理实践的研究具有非常重要的理论意义和实践意义。目前国内合情推理的相关研究几乎仍囿于数学领域,而将其与案件侦查结合起来的研究更是凤毛麟角。因此,这种跨学科的研究不仅具有理论借鉴意义,也更加具有重要的理论创新意义。而对案件侦查工作实践而言,合情推理的研究不仅有助于我们正确的认识侦查思维的推理过程,而且对于提高侦查人员的逻辑推理水平也具有十分重要的理论指导作用。简单的说,合情推理是一种综合了逻辑知识和日常生活经验的推理方式。它与普通逻辑推理的主要区别正在于其对推理背景知识的紧密依存性。这也正是“合情”二字的必然要求。当然这些背景知识本身并不一定是绝对正确的。因此,正确的进行合情推理首先要求我们在推理的过程中能够坚持事实求是的思维态度。这种态度在实践过程中的体现就是实用主义哲学所遵从的“大胆的假设,小心的求证”。本文一共分为三个部分第一部分:侦查推理的传统模式。主要介绍了目前侦查逻辑学中对侦查推理的认识内容。通过对传统侦查推理模式体系的介绍以及对其局限和不足的说明来指出进行合情推理相关研究的必要性。第二部分:合情推理的一般理论。主要对合情推理的基本概念和特征进行了尝试性的归纳和说明。力求勾勒出其大致的轮廓。同时通过将合情推理与形式逻辑相关概念进行比较进一步明确其含义。第三部分:侦查思维中的合情推理模式。主要通过从合情推理的理论出发来对侦查思维的推理过程的归纳和说明。并通过对侦查思维中合情推理模式的系统化整理力图从合情推理的视角出发构建出一个能够基本涵盖侦查推理方法的逻辑推理体系。鉴于本文篇幅和笔者认识深度的限制。本文对侦查思维中合情推理问题的研究深度还是比较有限的。比如,合情推理中所合之“情”的内涵和外延,合情推理中直觉、灵感等非逻辑思维的地位和作用,以及如何才能合理把握合情推理的分量要求等等,这些都是可以进一步延伸下去的问题,有待于人们进一步的探讨和深入下去。
[Abstract]:Investigation reasoning has always been an important and mysterious problem in case investigation. For the detection of cases, how to find a way of thinking leading to the truth from all kinds of complicated clues, the key lies in whether the investigators can carry out correct logical reasoning. At present, the criminal investigation experts and logicians are still at a rough stage in the research of investigation reasoning. Through the research and expansion of the theory of reasonable reasoning, this paper aims to promote the further research of the theory of investigative reasoning, and to provide some useful help to the practice of investigation. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to apply the theory of reasonable reasoning to the practice of investigative reasoning. At present, the relevant research of reasonable reasoning in China is still confined to the field of mathematics, and the research of combining it with the investigation of cases is even rarer. Therefore, this interdisciplinary research not only has theoretical significance, but also has important theoretical innovation significance. As far as the practice of case investigation is concerned, the study of reasonable reasoning not only helps us to understand the reasoning process of investigative thinking correctly, but also plays an important role in improving the level of logical reasoning of investigators. In short, rational reasoning is a way of reasoning that integrates logical knowledge and daily life experience. The main difference between it and ordinary logic reasoning lies in its close dependence on reasoning background knowledge. This is also the necessary requirement of the word "reasonable". Of course, this background knowledge itself is not necessarily absolutely correct. Therefore, the correct reasonable reasoning requires us to adhere to the realistic thinking attitude in the process of reasoning. The embodiment of this attitude in practice is the "bold hypothesis, careful verification" followed by pragmatism philosophy. This paper is divided into three parts: the traditional mode of investigative reasoning. This paper mainly introduces the cognition content of investigation reasoning in investigation logic at present. By introducing the traditional investigative reasoning model system and explaining its limitations and shortcomings, this paper points out the necessity of relevant research on reasonable reasoning. The second part: the general theory of reasonable reasoning. The basic concepts and characteristics of reasonable reasoning are summarized and explained. Try to outline its outline. At the same time, by comparing the relevant concepts of reasonable reasoning and formal logic, the meaning is further clarified. The third part: the reasonable reasoning mode in the investigation thought. The reasoning process of investigative thinking is summed up and explained from the theory of reasonable reasoning. And through the systematic arrangement of the reasonable reasoning mode in the investigative thinking, the author tries to construct a logical reasoning system which can basically cover the investigative reasoning method from the perspective of reasonable reasoning. In view of the length of this article and the depth of the author's limitations. In this paper, the research depth of reasonable reasoning in investigative thinking is still limited. For example, the connotation and extension of "emotion" in reasonable reasoning, the position and function of non-logical thinking such as intuition and inspiration in reasonable reasoning, and how to reasonably grasp the requirements of reasonable reasoning, etc. These are problems that can be further extended, and need to be further explored and deepened.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D918

【参考文献】