民事司法鉴定制度探研

发布时间：2019-03-02 17:56

【摘要】： 在现代社会,鉴定作为一种运用专业知识对专门问题进行辨别判断的手段,在民事司法审判中应用越来越广泛,并起到越来越重要的作用,但是纵观我国法律法规,目前还没有形成一套系统完备的民事司法鉴定制度,即存的相关规定又存在着许多的问题,导致司法实践中“无法可依”、“有法不依”的现象非常严重,因此,通过对我国民事司法鉴定制度的理论研究,完善并整合我国相关的各项法律法规,构建一套科学合理、公正高效的民事司法鉴定制度势在必行。本文通过以理论指导制度,以实践反馈制度,以对比反思制度,从而完善制度的方式,主体分五大部分(除引言、结论外)探讨了民事司法鉴定制度的有关问题。第一章民事司法鉴定制度的理论基础。这一章主要是对涉及民事司法鉴定制度的基本理论做出介绍。对民事司法鉴定概念做出了严密的界定,并通过阐述与证据收集、证据发现和证据保全的关系界定了民事司法鉴定的本质,论述了鉴定结论的证据能力,最后概述民事司法鉴定制度的内涵及外延,明确文章的研究范围。第二章我国民事司法鉴定制度之考察。通过鉴定主体、鉴定启动程序、鉴定实施程序、鉴定结论的质证和认证五方面重点介绍了我国民事司法鉴定制度的核心内容,对我国现行民事司法鉴定制度做出立法上的梳理。第三章两大法系相关制度的比较启示。同样通过鉴定主体、鉴定启动程序、鉴定实施程序、鉴定结论的质证和认证五方面对英美法系和大陆法系国家的立法例进行归纳介绍,最后在总结各自特点的基础上,比较分析找出我国民事司法鉴定制度存在的缺陷及可借鉴之处。第四章完善我国民事司法鉴定制度的必要性分析。在这一章中,笔者首先指出了我国民事司法鉴定制度中存在的诸多不足,论述了民事司法鉴定的功能,并总结其历史发展的必然性,旨在证明民事司法鉴定制度的完善是大势所趋,势在必行。第五章完善我国民事司法鉴定制度的构想。从立法机制、鉴定人责任机制、鉴定程序实施机制、启动重新鉴定机制和认证机制五方面提出了改进完善的建议。为构建科学的民事司法鉴定制度打下基础。
[Abstract]:In modern society, identification, as a means of distinguishing and judging special problems by using professional knowledge, is more and more widely used in civil judicial trials and plays a more and more important role, but throughout the laws and regulations of our country, At present, there has not been a systematic and complete system of civil judicial expertise, and there are many problems in the relevant provisions, which leads to the phenomenon of "no law to be obeyed" and "there is no law to abide by" in judicial practice, so the phenomenon of "having no law to abide by" is very serious. It is imperative to construct a set of scientific, reasonable, fair and efficient civil judicial identification system by studying the theory of civil judicial identification system of our country, perfecting and integrating the relevant laws and regulations of our country. In this paper, by guiding the system in theory, feedback system in practice and comparing and reflecting the system, the subject is divided into five parts (except preface, conclusion) to discuss the related problems of the system of civil judicial identification. The first chapter is the theoretical basis of the civil judicial expertise system. This chapter mainly introduces the basic theory of civil judicial appraisal system. This paper makes a strict definition of the concept of civil judicial expertise, and defines the essence of civil judicial expertise by expounding the relationship with the collection of evidence, the discovery of evidence and the preservation of evidence, and discusses the evidentiary capacity of the conclusion of the appraisal. Finally, it summarizes the connotation and extension of the civil judicial appraisal system, and clarifies the research scope of the article. The second chapter is the investigation of our country's civil judicial appraisal system. This paper mainly introduces the core contents of the civil judicial identification system in our country through five aspects: the main body, the initiation procedure, the implementation procedure, the cross-examination and the authentication of the appraisal conclusion, and makes a legislative analysis on the current civil judicial identification system in our country. The third chapter is the comparative enlightenment of the two legal systems. It also introduces the legislative examples of common law and civil law countries in five aspects: the subject of identification, the procedure of initiation, the procedure of implementation, the cross-examination and authentication of appraisal conclusion, and finally, on the basis of summarizing their respective characteristics, the author makes an introduction to the legislation of the common law system and the civil law system. Comparative analysis to find out the defects of our country's civil judicial expertise system and can be used for reference. The fourth chapter is the analysis of the necessity of perfecting the civil judicial expertise system in our country. In this chapter, the author first points out the shortcomings of the civil judicial expertise system in China, discusses the functions of the civil judicial expertise, and summarizes the inevitability of its historical development. The aim is to prove that the perfection of the civil judicial expertise system is the general trend, it is imperative. The fifth chapter consummates our country civil judicial appraisal system conception. From the legislative mechanism, the appraiser responsibility mechanism, the appraisal procedure implementation mechanism, the initiation re-appraisal mechanism and the authentication mechanism five aspects puts forward the improvement consummation suggestion. It lays a foundation for the construction of a scientific system of civil judicial expertise.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D918.9

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