论环境公共决策中风险沟通的法律实现——以预防型环境群体性事件为视角

发布时间：2019-06-29 19:38

【摘要】：当前我国环境群体性事件呈高发态势。根据引发事件事实状态的不同可将其分为事前预防型环境群体性事件和事后救济型环境群体性事件。预防型环境群体性事件中公众所抵制的是有关环境风险的决策结果,实质上是在主张环境公共决策过程中认知风险的权利。着眼于预防型环境群体性事件所针对的环境公共决策过程,主要运用理论分析、规范分析、比较分析的方法,从行政决策权的行使与公众参与权利的实现入手,探究环境公共决策无法取得实质合法性的根源,寻求化解之法治路径。当前环境公共决策在结构和程序上呈现出封闭性,与决策结果具有直接利害关系的公众被排除在外,其认知风险的权利得不到有效实现,风险沟通不畅导致社会可接受的风险共识不能形成,环境公共决策无法取得实质合法性,引发预防型环境群体性事件增多。由于环境风险的不确定性特征,环境公共决策中专家的理性地位被动摇,公众参与环境决策的诉求更为强烈,其对风险的认知直接决定了对最终决策结果的认可和接受程度,政府无法独占风险决策地位。在社会层面形成具体风险认知的共识以便决策结果获得普遍的认同和接受成为环境公共决策取得实质合法性的必要条件。化解预防型环境群体性事件,需要在环境公共决策过程中进行有效的风险沟通。为此,环境法应当将公众作为环境决策的合作者,要求决策者主动、全面公开决策所依据的事实和理由,对公众意见给予及时充分的回应,寻求其理解和支持;实现环境信息公开的风险沟通功能;通过程序性的设计促进风险沟通的实现,保障公众参与的有效性。当前有关立法已反映出对风险沟通的重视,但只是萌芽。
[Abstract]:At present, there is a high incidence of environmental group events in China. According to the difference of the factual state of the event, it can be divided into pre-prevention environmental group event and ex post facto relief environmental group event. In preventive environmental group events, the public boycotts the decision-making results of environmental risks, and in essence advocates the right to recognize risks in the process of environmental public decision-making. Focusing on the environmental public decision-making process aimed at the prevention of environmental group events, this paper mainly uses the methods of theoretical analysis, normative analysis and comparative analysis, starting with the exercise of administrative decision-making power and the realization of the right of public participation, to explore the root of the substantive legitimacy of environmental public decision-making and to seek the way to resolve the rule of law. At present, environmental public decision-making is closed in structure and procedure, and the public, which has a direct interest in decision-making results, is excluded, and its right to recognize risk is not effectively realized. Poor risk communication leads to the formation of socially acceptable risk consensus, environmental public decision-making can not obtain substantive legitimacy, leading to the increase of preventive environmental group events. Due to the uncertain characteristics of environmental risk, the rational position of experts in environmental public decision-making is shaken, and the demand of public participation in environmental decision-making is even stronger. Its cognition of risk directly determines the recognition and acceptance of the final decision-making results, and the government can not monopolize the position of risk decision-making. Forming a consensus on specific risk cognition at the social level in order to obtain universal recognition and acceptance of decision-making results becomes a necessary condition for the substantive legitimacy of environmental public decision-making. To resolve preventive environmental group events, effective risk communication should be carried out in the process of environmental public decision-making. Therefore, environmental law should regard the public as the partner of environmental decision-making, require the decision-maker to take the initiative, fully disclose the facts and reasons on which the decision-making is based, give a timely and adequate response to the public opinion, seek its understanding and support, realize the risk communication function of environmental information disclosure, and promote the realization of risk communication through procedural design to ensure the effectiveness of public participation. At present, the relevant legislation has reflected the importance of risk communication, but only in the bud.
【作者单位】：中南财经政法大学法学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社科青年基金项目“环境群体性事件中的权利表达与实现”(批准号:13YJC820027)
【分类号】：D631.43

【相似文献】