我国陌生人社会形成过程中的私权研究

发布时间：2018-01-11 21:01

本文关键词：我国陌生人社会形成过程中的私权研究　出处：《郑州大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国著名社会学家费孝通先生在其著作《乡土中国》中将传统中国社会称作是“熟人社会”,而后美国著名法学家劳伦斯·弗里德曼便在其著作《美国法简史》一书中首次提出了“陌生人社会”的概念,后来“熟人社会”与“陌生人社会”就作为一相对应的概念逐渐被大家所接受和熟悉。30多年的改革开放使我国的社会急剧转型,正如费孝通先生指出的那样：中国社会发展的进程就是由传统向现代转型的过程,在市场大潮的冲击下,身份制土崩瓦解,社会流动性加强,使得中国逐步迈向“陌生人社会”,从“熟人社会”到“陌生人社会”,体现出的是一种社会的进步,是一种历史的必然。然而在一种社会形态向另一种社会形态的转变过程中,又往往会发生诸多的问题和矛盾,由于我国存在着长期的熟人社会的传统,再加上陌生人社会所特有的多元性和流动性的特点,就使得我国在由熟人社会向陌生人社会转变的过程中,关于私权①维护的问题日益成为社会的焦点话题。本文共分为四个部分：第一部分主要是介绍我国在陌生人社会形成过程中的法治发展情况,首先指出我国传统熟人社会没有法治发展的条件和要素,而陌生人社会的发展趋势则有可能为我国提供法治发展的土壤；然后对我国形成中的陌生人社会的法治发展进行了论述。第二部分对我国陌生人社会形成过程中私权所处的现状进行了深入的探讨,首先对私权的概念进行明确的定位,而后提出两种类型化的私权冲突即公权与私权之间以及私权与私权之间的冲突,在公私权冲突的领域指出脆弱的私权极易受到强大公权的侵害和私权的救济途径往往受到公权的制约；在私权冲突领域中提出两种典型的私权冲突：显性的私权冲突和隐性的私权冲突。第三部分则是对当下社会过渡时期中私权问题进行了理论原因分析,通过借鉴洛克的社会契约论及其有限政府的思想对我国当下公权与私权关系进行了阐释；在私权与私权的冲突领域则提出两点原因的分析：契约精神本身所存在的不足和契约之于中国某些传统文化的冲突。第四部分主要是对在我国陌生人社会的形成过程中私权所存在的一些问题提出了一些解决的可能之策。首先提出政府善治是现阶段在我国解决公权与私权冲突的理想选择：第一、对善治的概念同样也进行了明确的定位,第二、提出重构善治四诉求以实现公权与私权关系的正常回归；在私权之间的冲突领域一方面提出对某些相关的伦理道德赋予国家强力保障的权威,具体来讲就是对某些道德规范进行立法来解决一些特殊的显性私权冲突,另一方面主张从契约的平等保护到身份的倾斜保护,实现从契约向身份的有限回归来解决隐性私权冲突,从而进一步实现私权在法律意义上的平等和事实层面上的公平。
[Abstract]:Fei Xiaotong, a famous sociologist of our country, called the traditional Chinese society "acquaintance society" in his work "Native China". And then Laurence Friedman, a famous American jurist, put forward the concept of "stranger society" for the first time in his book A brief History of American Law. Later, "acquaintance society" and "stranger society" as a corresponding concept gradually accepted by everyone and familiar with the reform and opening up for more than 30 years, the rapid transformation of our society. As Mr. Fei Xiaotong pointed out: the process of social development in China is the process of transformation from tradition to modern. Under the impact of the market tide, identity system has collapsed and social mobility has been strengthened. It makes China step by step towards "stranger society", from "acquaintance society" to "stranger society", which reflects a kind of social progress. It is a historical necessity. However, in the process of transformation from one social form to another, many problems and contradictions often occur, due to the existence of a long-term acquaintance society in our country. In addition, due to the unique diversity and mobility of the stranger society, the issue of the maintenance of private rights has increasingly become the focus of the society during the transition from the acquaintance society to the stranger society. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part mainly introduces the development of the rule of law in the formation of stranger society in our country, first of all, it points out that there are no conditions and elements for the development of the rule of law in the traditional acquaintance society of our country. The development trend of stranger society may provide the soil for the development of the rule of law in our country. Then it discusses the rule of law development of stranger society in our country. The second part of the formation of strangers in the process of private rights in the process of in-depth discussion, first of all, the concept of private rights to a clear positioning. Then put forward two types of private conflicts, that is, between public rights and private rights, and between private rights and private conflicts. In the field of the conflict of public and private rights, it is pointed out that the fragile private rights are easily infringed by powerful public rights and the remedy channels of private rights are often restricted by public rights. There are two typical private conflicts in the field of private right conflict: explicit private right conflict and implicit private right conflict. The third part is the theoretical analysis of the private rights in the current social transition period, through the reference of Locke's theory of social contract and the idea of limited government to explain the current relationship between public rights and private rights in China. In the field of conflict between private right and private right, the author puts forward two reasons: the deficiency of contract spirit and the conflict of contract to some traditional Chinese culture. The 4th part mainly puts forward some possible solutions to the problems existing in private rights in the forming process of stranger society in our country. Firstly, it points out that government good governance is to solve the conflict between public right and private right in our country at the present stage. Ideal options for:. Number one. The concept of good governance is also clearly positioned. Second, the four demands of good governance are put forward to realize the normal return of the relationship between public right and private right. On the one hand, in the field of conflict between private rights, the author puts forward the authority to give the state strong protection to some related ethics, specifically, to legislate certain moral norms to solve some special explicit private rights conflicts. On the other hand, it advocates from the equal protection of contract to the protection of identity, to realize the limited return from contract to identity to solve the hidden private rights conflict. Thus further realize the equality of private rights in the sense of law and fairness on the level of fact.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D920.0

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