论日本雇佣保险法律制度

发布时间：2018-01-25 08:00

本文关键词： 日本雇佣保险法制度启示　出处：《山西大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 自从工业革命以来,经济大萧条不断出现,失业问题就伴随着经济的发展、技术的进步而一直困扰着现代国家的经济体系。能否解决好失业问题,不仅关系到失业者的基本生活,而且关系到社会的稳定、经济的持续发展,所以很多国家都把解决失业问题置于一国经济和社会政策关注的首位。失业保险作为一国社会保障系统的一个重要组成部分,它不仅帮助个人抵御在社会生活中可能遇到的失业风险,消除人们收入的不确定性,从而改善人们的福利状况,而且对于维护社会稳定和保持经济持续发展起着积极的作用。我国于1999年5月22日正式颁布了《失业保险条例》,统一规范了城镇所有企事业单位职工的失业保险问题,使我国失业保险法律制度开始走向法制化、规范化,为深化经济体制改革,维护社会稳定发挥了重要作用。但是由于我国的失业保险法律制度起步较晚,加之特殊的国情,因而出现了很多问题。而日本在建立雇佣保险法律制度方面积累了比较丰富的经验,加之中日两国有共同的历史传统等相近之处,故本文尝试从日本雇佣保险法律制度的历史变迁出发,探析日本现行雇佣保险法律制度的特点和成因,从而合理借鉴日本雇佣保险法律制度的经验,完善具有中国特色的失业保险法律制度。本文共分为四个部分：第一部分是对日本雇佣保险法律制度的变迁探究。主要从1945年《失业保险法》的制定、1974年《雇佣保险法》的出台以及1980年代以来对《雇佣保险法》的修订来对日本雇佣保险法律制度进行考察,从而得出日本《失业保险法》到《雇佣保险法》的演变是随着社会发展而变化发展的。第二部分是对日本现行雇佣保险法律制度的特点及原因进行探究。在历史演变的基础上,日本现行雇佣保险法形成以下特点：安定就业预防失业促进就业理念的确立；雇佣保险两大支柱的建立；配套完善的法律体系；分类负担和差别费率的确立；保险金支付公平与效率的权衡；雇佣持续给付制度的创新；集中与分散相结合管理模式的设立。这些特点的形成主要是因为受到了新技术革命的出现与生产技术的革新影响,同时也吸取了西方国家失业保险法律制度改革的经验教训,迎应了老龄化、少子化国情,更为减轻政府财政负担,并结合终身雇佣制的经验,由政府应对结构性失业所做的法律调整。第三部分是对现行日本雇佣保险法律制度的效用探究。由于雇佣保险法律制度推行的成功,使得日本的失业率在发达资本主义国家中长期居于最低。日本的雇佣保险法律制度通过对失业者的失业救济和促进就业三大业务的实施,不但保障了失业者的基本生活,而且通过注重提高劳动者的素质来达到预防失业的目的,企业也因为拥有高素质的劳动者而受益。日本雇佣保险法律制度还造就了日本社会长期稳定发展的局面,日本一直是世界上犯罪率最低的国家之一,而社会的稳定同时也促进了经济的平稳发展。第四部分探究现行日本雇佣保险法对中国启示。这一部分是在总结前三部分的基础上,结合我国现行失业保险法律制度的困境,提出一些初步的法律构想。在分析了我国现阶段失业保险法律制度存在的缺陷的基础上,结合前面介绍的日本雇佣保险法律制度,最终落脚在如何完善我国失业保险法律制度上,制定独立的《失业保险法》,推进《就业促进法》的实现,加强失业保险基金的筹措、管理与监管,完善就业促进型失业保险法律制度。
[Abstract]:Since the industrial revolution and the emerging of the great depression, unemployment problems along with the economic development and technological progress have been plagued by the modern economy. Can solve the unemployment problem, not only affects the basic livelihood of the unemployed, but also related to social stability and the sustainable development of the economy, so a lot of countries to solve the problem of unemployment in the country's economic and social policy concerns in the first place. The unemployment insurance as an important part of the national social security system, it not only helps the individuals to defend in social life may encounter the risk of unemployment and eliminate the uncertainty of income, so as to improve people's welfare, but also for the maintenance of social to maintain stability and play an active role in the sustainable development of economy. In May 22, 1999 China formally promulgated the "Regulations on unemployment insurance", unified and standardized all town enterprises Unemployment insurance institutions of workers, the legal system of unemployment insurance in China started towards legalization, standardization, to deepen the reform of economic system and play an important role in maintaining social stability. But because of China's unemployment insurance legal system started late, coupled with the special conditions, so there are a lot of problems in Japan. The establishment of employment insurance law system has accumulated rich experience, and the two countries have common historic tradition, therefore this article starting from the historical changes of the Japanese employment insurance law system, characteristics and causes of the current Japanese employment insurance law system, thus reasonably from the Japanese employment insurance law system's experience, with perfect China characteristics of unemployment insurance legal system.
This article is divided into four parts:
The first part is to explore the changes of the Japanese employment insurance law system. From the establishment of 1945 "unemployment insurance law", "Employment Insurance Law" in 1974 and issued since 1980s amendments to the "Employment Insurance Law" to the Japanese employment insurance law system were investigated, then the evolution of Japan's "unemployment insurance law" to < > the employment insurance law varies with the development of society.
The second part is the characteristics and reasons of Japan's current employment insurance legal system are explored. Based on the historical evolution, the formation of the following characteristics of Japan's current employment insurance law: the establishment of stable employment employment promoting prevention of unemployment; the establishment of the two pillars of the employment insurance; legal system perfect; establish the classification rate and the difference of burden insurance payments; balance between fairness and efficiency; continuous innovation of employment payment system; centralized and decentralized management mode. The combination of the establishment of the formation of these characteristics is mainly because of the influence of the reform of new technology revolution and the production technology, but also draws lessons from western countries the unemployment insurance legal system reform, welcome should the aging, low fertility conditions, to relieve the financial burden of government, and combined with the experience of lifelong employment system, by the government to deal with structural failure Legal adjustments made by the industry.
The third part is to explore the current Japanese employment insurance law system's effectiveness. The successful implementation of employment insurance law system, making Japan's unemployment rate in the developed capitalist countries in the long term is the lowest. The Japanese employment insurance law system through the implementation of the unemployed unemployment relief and employment of the three major business, not only the basic guarantee the life of the unemployed, and by focusing on improving the quality of workers to achieve the goal of preventing unemployment, enterprises also benefit because of the high quality workers. The Japanese employment insurance law system also makes the Japanese society long-term stable development of the situation, Japan has been one of the world's lowest crime rates, but also promote social stability the stable development of the economy.
The fourth part explores the present Japanese Employment Insurance Law of China enlightenment. This part is on the basis of the first three parts, combined with China's current unemployment insurance system dilemma, proposes some preliminary legal conception. Based on analysis of defects in the present stage of our country unemployment insurance legal system in the legal system. Combining the Japanese Employment Insurance mentioned, finally settled on how to improve the legal system of unemployment insurance in China, making the unemployment insurance law > < < independent, promote employment and promoting the realization of law, strengthen the collection of unemployment insurance fund, management and supervision, improve the employment promotion of unemployment insurance legal system.

【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D912.28;D931.3

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