从美国赌博案看GATS市场准入制度

发布时间：2018-04-17 20:46

本文选题：GATS + 市场准入　；参考：《上海交通大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 自《服务贸易总协定(GATS)》签订以来,WTO案例中完全属于服务贸易范畴内的争端并不多。2003年开始的美国赌博案,是真正意义上的服务贸易争端,对于GATS的理解和适用具有重大意义。在GATS中,市场准入制度是核心之一。对于服务贸易而言,市场准入的义务是否得以履行,除了相关成员的具体承诺外,主要取决于其是否履行了GATS第六条关于国内规制规定和第十七条关于国民待遇规定。而在服务贸易中,市场准入、国内规制和国民待遇原则具有相互补充、互相配合的作用。在GATS中,具体承诺表构成各成员国市场准入义务的核心,规定市场准入的特定义务。具体承诺表规定的市场准入义务优先于GATS第十六条的一般义务。GATS第六条国内规制规定主要涉及服务或服务提供者的国内监管措施,与市场准入限制有基本的法律区分。但是,从GATS的法律文本上看,第十六条和第六条的适用并没有清晰的界限。在GATS框架内,外国服务和服务提供者的国民待遇问题和市场准入问题有着紧密地联系,二者在适用范围上存在着一定的重合。本文以美国赌博案为出发点,围绕评审团和上诉机构报告,详细分析探讨GATS第十六条市场准入规定,及其与之紧密相关的GATS具体承诺表、GATS第六条国内法规、GATS第十七条国民待遇。GATS条约中存在的不确定因素使得发展中国家服务贸易开放承诺的实施效果变得更加难以预测。这就要求我们在WTO新一回合谈判中,全面深入掌握GATS规则,详细分析承诺风险和冲击,制定长远的服务承诺规划,应对服务贸易全球化的压力,促进我国服务贸易的发展。
[Abstract]:Since the signing of General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), there are not many disputes in GATS cases. The American Gambling case, which began in 2003, is a real service trade dispute, which is of great significance to the understanding and application of GATS.In GATS, market access system is one of the core.For trade in services, whether the obligation of market access can be fulfilled, except the specific commitments of the members concerned, mainly depends on whether they have fulfilled the provisions of domestic regulation in Article 6 of GATS and the provisions on national treatment in Article 17 of the GATS.In service trade, market access, domestic regulation and national treatment principle complement each other.In GATS, the specific commitments form the core of the market access obligations of each member country, and stipulate the specific obligations of market access.The market access obligations stipulated in the schedule of specific commitments take precedence over the general obligations of Article XVI of GATS. The domestic regulations of Article VI of GATS mainly involve the domestic regulatory measures of services or service providers and have a basic legal distinction from the restrictions on market access.However, from the legal text of GATS, the application of Article 16 and Article 6 is not clearly defined.Within the framework of GATS, the issues of national treatment and market access of foreign service and service providers are closely related, and there is a certain overlap between them in the scope of application.Based on the U. S. Gambling case, this paper analyzes the market access provisions of Article 16 of the GATS in detail around the reports of the jury and the Appellate body.The uncertain factors in the GATS Article XVII National treatment. GATS treaty make it more difficult to predict the effect of the implementation of the open commitments of the developing countries in services trade.This requires us to grasp the rules of GATS in the new round of negotiation of WTO, analyze the risks and impacts of commitment in detail, formulate long-term service commitment planning, deal with the pressure of globalization of service trade, and promote the development of China's service trade.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D971.2

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