我国立法后评估的对象研究

发布时间：2018-04-18 13:01

本文选题：立法后评估 + 立法后评估的对象　；参考：《山东大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 我国的立法机关长期以来只重视法律法规的制定,对法律法规出台后的实效问题则关注不够,对法律法规是否达到立法的预期、实施效果如何缺乏足够的了解。随着我国法律体系初步建成,立法工作的重心从过去强调法的创制逐渐向法律制定后的修改、完善和废止转移,我国的“立法后”时代已经到来。立法后评估制度在此时应运而生,成为了提高立法质量,完善社会主义法律体系的重要手段。但是遗憾的是,我国目前对法律法规进行系统的立法后评估至今还是一个法律空白,《立法法》并没有相应的规定,致使各地在评估内容、方法、程序等问题上存在巨大的差异,有损于评估报告的科学行和权威性。如何更好地完善立法后评估制度成为一个亟待解决的问题。评估对象制度是立法后评估制度中的重要内容。对评估对象进行研究,选择合适的评估对象对于立法后评估工作有着重要的意义。在评估活动开始之前要综合各方面的情况对法律法规的“可评估性”进行分析,并且要根据评估对象的不同以及评估的需要选择合适的评估方法、评估类型,这样才能保证立法后评估真正取得实效。确定评估对象是评估活动所要解决的首要问题,所谓立法后评估对象的范畴就是要解决评估什么的问题。本文从比较法的角度,在对西方国家立法后评估对象范畴考察的基础上,提出了关于我国立法后评估对象范畴的构想。并根据对象的不同把我国立法后评估划分为三种类型。对评估对象进行研究以选择合适的评估对象具有重要的意义。通过对公共政策评估理论中“可评估性”理论的借鉴,提出在评估对象选择中应当遵循的四项标准,即有效性、必要性、时间性、和可行性标准。指出在选择对象的程序中应当引入公众参与,以保证评估对象选择的科学性。法的单一性评估,是适用范围最广的一种立法后评估类型,也是我国目前最常采用的一种评估方式。本文对其的内涵和优势进行了研究,并通过实例分析,指出我国目前单一性评估存在的不足之处。着重探讨了“日落条款”这种单一性评估的对象选择机制。类型化评估是一种介于单一性评估和总体性评估之间的评估类型。本文通过对系统法学以及类型学相关理论的探讨,指出类型化评估的内涵、类型化评估所指向的对象范畴,并运用类型化评估的方式对我国学位法律制度所存在的问题进行了系统的分析。立法后评估的总体性评估方式是对一定范围以内的所有法律法规所进行的评估,它是法的单一性评估和法的类型化评估的有益补充,特别是在我国当前的法制状况下,更应当重视总体性评估的制度意义。但是我国的总体性评估机制,特别是法的清理机制还存在许多不足,需要加以完善。
[Abstract]:For a long time, the legislatures of our country only pay attention to the formulation of laws and regulations, but not enough to the actual effect of laws and regulations, and lack sufficient understanding of whether laws and regulations meet the expectations of legislation and how to implement them.With the initial completion of our legal system and the shift of the focus of the legislative work from the past emphasis on the creation of the law to the revision, perfection and repeal after the enactment of the law, the era of "post-legislation" has arrived.The post-legislative evaluation system emerged as the times require and became an important means to improve the quality of legislation and improve the socialist legal system.However, unfortunately, the current systematic post-legislative evaluation of laws and regulations in China is still a legal blank, and there is no corresponding provision in the Legislative Law, resulting in huge differences in the contents, methods, procedures and other issues of assessment in various places.Undermine the scientific conduct and authority of the evaluation report.How to perfect the system of post-legislative evaluation is an urgent problem to be solved.The evaluation object system is an important content in the post-legislative evaluation system.It is of great significance to study the evaluation object and select the appropriate evaluation object for the post-legislative evaluation.The "evaluability" of laws and regulations should be analysed in a comprehensive manner prior to the commencement of the assessment exercise, and appropriate assessment methods and types of assessment should be selected according to the different subjects and needs of the assessment,Only in this way can we ensure that the post-legislative evaluation is truly effective.To determine the evaluation object is the primary problem to be solved in the evaluation activities, and the category of the so-called post-legislative evaluation object is to solve the problem of what to evaluate.From the perspective of comparative law and on the basis of the investigation of the category of the object of post-legislative evaluation in western countries, this paper puts forward the conception of the category of the object of post-legislative evaluation in our country.According to the different objects, the post-legislative evaluation of our country is divided into three types.It is of great significance to study the evaluation object in order to select the appropriate evaluation object.By drawing lessons from the theory of "evaluability" in the theory of public policy evaluation, this paper puts forward four criteria to be followed in the selection of evaluation objects, that is, validity, necessity, timeliness, and feasibility criteria.It is pointed out that public participation should be introduced in the procedure of selecting objects in order to ensure the scientific nature of the selection of evaluation objects.The evaluation of the uniqueness of law is the most widely used type of post-legislative evaluation, and it is also the most commonly used evaluation method in China at present.This paper studies its connotation and advantages, and points out the shortcomings of our country's single evaluation through the analysis of examples.This paper mainly discusses the object selection mechanism of sunset clause.Type evaluation is a kind of evaluation between single evaluation and overall evaluation.Based on the discussion of the relevant theories of systems law and typology, this paper points out the connotation of the type assessment, the object category of the type evaluation,The problems existing in the degree legal system of our country are systematically analyzed by using the method of type evaluation.The overall assessment of post-legislative evaluation is the evaluation of all laws and regulations within a certain scope. It is a useful supplement to the assessment of the singularity of law and the type of assessment of law, especially in the current legal situation in China.We should pay more attention to the institutional significance of overall evaluation.However, there are still many deficiencies in our country's overall evaluation mechanism, especially the legal clean-up mechanism, which need to be perfected.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D920.0

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