19世纪英国公共卫生立法研究

发布时间：2018-04-19 00:27

本文选题：英国 + 公共卫生立法　；参考：《河南大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 这篇文章研究19世纪英国的公共卫生立法。随着工业化的推进,城市化进程加速,英国的公共卫生状况恶劣。于是19世纪英国出现了一系列旨在改善卫生状况的法案。文章通过描述19世纪英国的三部公共卫生法案,探讨了19世纪英国公共卫生立法的影响。笔者认为19世纪英国的公共卫生立法加强了国家对公共卫生事务的干预职能,但是这种干预并不违背英国的地方自治传统。而19世纪公共卫生立法强调中央干预、突出国家责任的理念影响了英国福利国家的形成。文章分为五个部分。第一部分为导论,介绍了文章的选题意义、国内外研究综述、写作方法以及史料运用情况。文章的第二部分介绍了19世纪英国公共卫生立法的背景。19世纪英国城市和乡村卫生状况恶劣,而从中世纪延续下来的地方管理制度与英国的工业社会脱节,不能有效解决公共卫生问题。这些糟糕的卫生状况引起了有识之士的关注,兴起了公共卫生运动,一些改革者建议国家干预公共卫生问题。这就促使英国在19世纪制定了公共卫生法。文章的第三部分介绍了19世纪英国的三部公共卫生法案。这三部法案包括1848年的《公共卫生法案》、1872年的《公共卫生法案》和1875年的《公共卫生法案》。文中重点介绍了这三部法案的背景、主要内容、缺陷和立法意义。文章的第四部分探讨了19世纪英国公共卫生立法的影响。从1848年《公共卫生法案》的规定到1875年《公共卫生法案》的规定,作者得出中央干预公共卫生的程度在加强,但是这没有违背英国的地方自治传统;而中央干预的加强有助于建立英国的公共卫生体系;同时,强调国家责任的立法理念也影响了英国福利国家的形成。19世纪的公共卫生立法也促使英国的卫生状况得到改善。在结语部分,文章肯定了19世纪英国公共卫生立法的进步。英国福利国家模式的特征是突出国家责任、凸显政府主体地位,这与19世纪公共卫生立法日益强调国家作用、加强政府管理职能的理念是分不开的。这种立法理念对我国的医疗制度改革也有借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:This article studies the public health legislation of the 19 th century in England.With the advance of industrialization and the acceleration of urbanization, public health in Britain is poor.A series of laws aimed at improving health conditions emerged in Britain in the 19 th century.By describing three public health acts in Britain in the 19 th century, this paper discusses the influence of public health legislation in the 19 th century.The author thinks that the public health legislation in the 19th century strengthened the function of state intervention in public health affairs, but this kind of intervention does not run counter to the tradition of local autonomy in Britain.Public health legislation in the 19 th century emphasized central intervention and the concept of national responsibility influenced the formation of the welfare state in Britain.The article is divided into five parts.The first part is the introduction, which introduces the significance of the topic, domestic and foreign research review, writing methods and the use of historical materials.The second part of the article introduces the background of the public health legislation in Britain in the 19th century. The hygiene conditions in the cities and villages in the 19th century were poor, but the local management system which was inherited from the Middle Ages was out of touch with the British industrial society.Public health problems cannot be solved effectively.These poor health conditions have attracted attention from people of insight, public health campaigns have emerged, and some reformers have advised the state to intervene in public health problems.This led to the enactment of public health laws in Britain in the 19 th century.The third part of the article introduces three public health acts in the 19 th century England.The three acts include the Public Health Act of 1848, the Public Health Act of 1872, and the Public Health Act of 1875.This paper focuses on the background, main content, defects and legislative significance of the three bills.The fourth part of the article discusses the impact of the 19 th century British public health legislation.From the provisions of the Public Health Act of 1848 to the provisions of the Public Health Act of 1875, the author concludes that the degree of central intervention in public health is increasing, but this does not run counter to the tradition of local self-government in Britain;The strengthening of central intervention helps to establish the British public health system, and at the same time, the concept of legislation emphasizing national responsibility also influenced the formation of the welfare state in Britain. The public health legislation of the 19th century also contributed to the improvement of the health situation of the United Kingdom.In the conclusion, the article affirms the progress of public health legislation in the 19 th century.The feature of British welfare state model is to highlight the responsibility of the state and highlight the main position of the government, which is inseparable from the idea that the public health legislation of the 19th century has increasingly emphasized the role of the state and strengthened the functions of government management.This kind of legislation idea also has the reference significance to our country's medical treatment system reform.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D956.1;DDD912.1

【引证文献】