清朝、民国中央政府对西藏宗教管理立法研究

发布时间：2018-04-29 04:28

本文选题：清朝 + 民国　；参考：《中央民族大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 藏族是我国人口众多的少数民族之一,青藏高原封闭的地理环境和严酷的自然条件为藏传佛教的发展提供了得天独厚的土壤,使得宗教和藏族社会的政治、经济、文化紧密地联系在一起,宗教成为藏族群众社会生活中相当重要的组成部分。而宗教问题是民族问题的重要方面,历代封建王朝在对藏治理中无不对其重视有加。民族立法经过元、明两朝的发展,在清朝达到了封建民族法制最发达的时期。清朝一方面总结了历代王朝对藏族治理的经验教训,延续已有的宗教管理制度,如在临近内地的少数民族聚居或散居之地沿袭明制,推行土司制度;另一方面创造性的设立了敕封达赖、班禅和金瓶掣签等制度,对当时以至当代我国的宗教管理法制都产生了深远影响。民国时期援引清朝宗教管理法规,又制定了专门的寺庙管理制度和喇嘛管理制度,如《寺庙登记条例》和《喇嘛转世办法》。我国是多民族国家,维护各民族统一离不开对宗教事务的恰当管理,宗教法制建设是我国建设法治国家的题中应有之义。如何进行宗教法制建设,使宗教事务有章可循?宗教管理法制既要有利于维护祖国统一,又要保护少数民族宗教信仰权利。无疑要借鉴历史,研究历史上的宗教管理法制,取其精华去其糟粕。全文共分导论,正文和结论三部分。正文分为四章,正文各部分论述的主要内容为: 第一章,通过对西藏社会状况和元、明两朝宗教管理情况的论述,介绍清朝、民国中央政府对西藏宗教管理立法制定的社会背景和法律背景。第二章,清朝对西藏宗教管理立法。通过清朝前期、中期、后期中央政府对西藏宗教管理立法的代表《酌定藏内善后章程》、《钦定藏内善后章程》和《酌拟裁禁商上积弊章程》的介绍,阐述三部法律的制定背景、内容和意义。分别论述《酌定藏内善后章程》的立法经过、宗教方面的主要内容、法律地位、初步确立的政教合一体制的情况以及宗教管理方面规定的作用;《钦定藏内善后章程》所规定的驻藏大臣地位与职权、金瓶掣签制度,并介绍政教合一的西藏政权机构的基本情况,结合法规内容分析制定背景,探讨这些规定的意义;《酌拟裁禁商上积弊章程》中宗教管理权的行使等问题,继而讨论宗教法制的实施及影响。第三章,民国对西藏宗教管理立法。列举民国对清朝宗教管理法规的援引及民国宗教管理法规的具体内容,以《寺庙登记条例》和《喇嘛转世办法》为主要内容。第四章,清朝、民国中央政府对西藏宗教管理立法对当代的启示。阐释清朝、民国中央政府对西藏宗教管理立法的经验教训和对当代少数民族地区立法完善的启示。本文研究清朝、民国中央政府对西藏宗教管理立法,以研究清朝和民国治藏法典为中心,尝试按不同历史时期,纵向论述中央政府治理西藏地方宗教法律制度的演变,每个时期重点研究一部最具有代表性的法典,从而揭示不同历史时期西藏地方社会历史的不同特点、清朝和民国根据这些特点而制定的各项宗教法律制度的现实作用和历史意义,同时阐述笔者对清朝及民国治理西藏的一些重大问题的认识和观点,并试图补充和修改前人论述清朝及民国藏事中的一些不足。最后,由清朝、民国中央政府治藏宗教事务管理立法的分析,总结清朝、民国中央政府对西藏宗教管理立法对当代的启示。
[Abstract]:The Tibetan nationality is one of the minority nationalities in China. The closed geographical environment and the harsh natural conditions of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau provide a unique soil for the development of Tibetan Buddhism, making it closely linked with the politics, economy and culture of the Tibetan society. Religion is a very important part of the social life of the Tibetan people. The religious problem was an important aspect of the national problem, and the feudal dynasties of the dynasties had not attached great importance to it. The national legislation passed through the yuan, the Ming and two dynasties developed, and the feudal national legal system was the most developed in the Qing Dynasty. On the other hand, the system, such as Darai, Panchen and gold bottle drawing, had a profound influence on the legal system of the religious management of the time and the contemporary China. In the period of the Republic of China, the rules of religious management in the Republic of Qing Dynasty were invoked. The special temple management system and the Lama management system, such as the temple registration regulations and the Lama's reincarnation, are the multi-ethnic countries, and the maintenance of the unity of all ethnic groups is inseparable from the proper management of the religious affairs. The construction of the religious legal system is the proper meaning in the construction of the country under the rule of law. The rule of law should be followed by the rule of law, which is not only conducive to the maintenance of the reunification of the motherland, but also the protection of the rights of ethnic minority religions. It is no doubt that we should learn from the history, study the legal system of religious management in history, and take its essence to its dross.
The full text is divided into three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The main body is divided into four chapters.
In the first chapter, the social background and legal background of the Qing Dynasty and the central government of the Republic of China on the legislation of the religious management of Tibet were introduced through the discussion of the social situation in Tibet and the state of the Ming and two dynasties.
The second chapter, the Qing Dynasty to the Tibet religious management legislation, through the early Qing Dynasty, the middle period, the late central government of the representative of the Tibet religious management legislation, the statute in Tibet, the statute of the aftermath of the Qin Dynasty in Tibet and the statute of the discretionary pros and cons on the discretionary prohibition merchants, expounded the setting, content and significance of the three laws. The legislative passage of the afterlaw, the main content of the religion, the legal status, the preliminary establishment of the system of political harmony and the role stipulated in the religious management; the status and authority of the Secretary of the Tibetan minister, the gold bottle drawing system and the basic situation of the Tibet regime of the political and teaching government The significance of these regulations is discussed in the context of the analysis and formulation of the contents of the laws and regulations; the implementation and influence of the religious legal system are discussed.
The third chapter, the Republic of China on the Tibet religious management legislation, enumerating the Republic of China on the Qing Dynasty religious management rules and regulations of the Republic of China and the specific content of the Republic of China religious regulations, with the temple Registration Regulations > and the Lama reincarnation method > as the main content.
The fourth chapter, the Qing Dynasty, the central government of the Republic of China on the Enlightenment of the Tibet religious management legislation on the contemporary, explaining the Qing Dynasty, the central government of the Republic of China on the experience and lessons of the Tibet religious management legislation and the enlightenment to the legislation of contemporary minority areas.
This article studies the Qing Dynasty, the central government of the Republic of China on the Tibet religious management legislation, in order to study the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China as the center of the Tibetan law, try different historical periods, lengthwise to discuss the central government governance of Tibet local religious legal system evolution, each period focus on the most representative of a representative of the code, thus revealing different historical periods. The different characteristics of the local social history in Tibet, the practical and historical significance of the various religious legal systems made by the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China on the basis of these characteristics, and the author's understanding and views on some important issues of the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China in the governance of Tibet, and trying to supplement and modify some of the predecessors in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. In the end, the Qing Dynasty, the central government of the Republic of China, the administration of Tibetan religious affairs management legislation, summed up the Qing Dynasty, the central government of the Republic of China on the Tibet religious management legislation on the contemporary enlightenment.

【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D929;D922.19

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