英美银行破产法述评——以银行特殊破产制度为中心

发布时间：2018-05-01 03:12

本文选题：银行破产 + 银行特殊破产制度　；参考：《环球法律评论》2013年02期

【摘要】：银行业的特殊性、传统的公司破产程序的缺陷以及政治因素是银行特殊破产制度产生的重要原因,其中的政治因素系根源于银行业、监管机构与政治家们之间的利益博弈,同时,历次的金融危机也逐渐地推动这一制度的演进与发展。目前,世界各国适用该制度处置"问题银行"已成为各国银行破产立法的趋势。该制度不仅有利于保护银行的资产而且具有较好的实施效果,但是在一定程度上却削弱了市场机制对银行的约束、增加了银行的融资成本,而且程序方面的正义与公平性亦相对缺失。实践中,行政机关所主导的银行特殊破产程序,以行政重整为特色,从而弱化了法院、债权人以及债务人的地位。英国、美国的银行特殊破产制度各有利弊得失,我国应当在充分借鉴两国经验的基础上,进一步完善银行特殊破产制度的发起标准和适用范围,建立有效的机构间协调机制,并为银行利益相关方提供相应的救济。
[Abstract]:The particularity of the banking industry, the defects of the traditional corporate bankruptcy procedure and the political factors are the important reasons for the emergence of the special bankruptcy system of the bank. The political factors are rooted in the benefit game between the banking industry, the regulators and the politicians. At the same time, successive financial crises also gradually promote the evolution and development of this system. At present, the application of the system to deal with the "problem banks" has become the trend of bankruptcy legislation. This system not only helps to protect the bank's assets, but also has a good effect, but to a certain extent, it weakens the restriction of the market mechanism on the bank, and increases the bank's financing cost. And procedural justice and fairness are also relatively lacking. In practice, the special bankruptcy procedure of banks dominated by administrative organs is characterized by administrative reorganization, which weakens the status of courts, creditors and debtors. The bank special bankruptcy system in Britain and America has its own advantages and disadvantages. Based on the experience of the two countries, our country should further improve the initiation standard and application scope of the bank special bankruptcy system, and establish an effective inter-institutional coordination mechanism. And for the bank stakeholders to provide the corresponding relief.
【作者单位】：中国政法大学博士后流动站;北京邮电大学法律系;
【基金】：国家社科基金一般项目“银行破产风险处置和重整法律制度研究”的阶段性成果。项目编号:11BFX053
【分类号】：D956.1;D971.2;D922.291.92

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