清朝讼师的价值研究

发布时间：2018-05-19 05:16

本文选题：讼师 + 讼师文化　；参考：《西南政法大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 讼师,在中华传统法文化中不可忽视的现象,因近些年来学界的投注目光开始进入传统法文化研究领域。在大多数学者笔下,这个被斥为不法之徒或奸诈贪婪的小人,是丑陋和肮脏的,是社会存在与发展的毒瘤。但是,在这些结论的背后,是正史、官方记载的笔记和判牍在作祟,这些摆脱不了正统观念束缚的结论,难免是偏颇和狭隘的。在正、野史,官方和民间的态度比较下,在讼师秘本的参照下,在对社会现实的文化背景和现实司法环境呈现下,讼师的肯定价值渐渐明朗。特别是在清朝,封建专制集权统治达至顶峰时期,对讼师的打击和禁止愈演愈烈,讼师职业反而如火如荼,表现了顽强的生命力和时代特征。清朝“词讼必由讼师”的阶段特征给了作者更多关注清朝讼师助讼价值的理由。本文共分为五个部分: 第一部分:引言。简要说明了论文的研究目的与范围,相关领域国内外研究现状,理论意义、实用价值和研究的方法。第二部分:概述清朝讼师的社会基础和时代特点。清朝讼师存在于商品经济繁荣、社会进步和人口增多的社会背景下,民间利益诉求增多和键讼之风推动了讼师发展壮大,并使之成为一个社会职业群体。清朝讼师助讼活动在民间活跃,代写呈状、提供诉讼咨询和谋划、与胥吏和差役交涉、调解纠纷、教习讼学等,属于清朝讼师的业务范围和职业特点。讼师代写诉状的业务技术在清朝已经达到成熟和高超的境界。讼师助讼行为在民间作用凸显,但是受到官方势力的打击压制,发展空间受到挤压,职业只能处于半公开化。第三部分:清朝讼师在历史中扮演的角色。首先区分讼师与讼棍的概念,划分出良性助讼法律服务者与恶意破坏诉讼秩序的不法分子两类人,在讼师“师”字的褒义中理解这个职业群体的社会价值。并且在官方、民间、讼师自我评价三方面中重构讼师的形象,既不陷入传统“非讼”观念的狭隘中视讼师为“社会赘疣”,也不停留在野史、稗史中或是听任讼师的自我评价,而是注重表达与实践,注重非官方话语下的讼师忠于事实、法律和情理,伸张正义、维护百姓合法利益、重视操守和勤勉修德的一面,重新界定清朝讼师的客观价值。第四部分:清朝讼师与司法环境的互动关系。宏观上,民间细故增多,民众诉讼观念开放,好讼之风是讼师存在和发展的前提。微观上,诉讼制度的不完善,包括诉讼活动的可利用性和诉讼程序的书面主义,造就了讼师的产生。同时,讼师助讼活动也是对清朝诉讼制度的有益补充,它满足了普通民众的利益诉求,解决了争端,刺激了司法制度的向前发展。讼师对法文化的贡献在于,唤醒了民众的个性与权利意识,提高了民众的法律知识和宣传、教化作用。第五部分:讼师文化与主流文化的自然融合。从讼师助讼活动中体现的诉讼观来阐述,讼师并非是儒家传统文化的破坏者。讼师的诉讼观以礼治主义,德礼为主、法刑相辅为根本,在助讼实践中具体运用和注重天理、国法、人情的儒家伦理法思想,追求中庸之道,追求和谐的状态。作者希望借此学界对讼师研究的热情高涨的学术氛围,重新认识和评价清代讼师,对其存在价值有一个客观的研究。
[Abstract]:In recent years , the attention of academic circles has begun to enter the field of traditional law and culture .

In the light of the background of social reality and the environment of reality , the positive value of the law is gradually clear . Especially in the Qing Dynasty , the feudal rule of centralization reached the peak period , the punishment and the prohibition of the law became more and more intense .

This paper is divided into five parts :

The first part : Introduction . It briefly describes the research purpose and scope of the thesis , the research situation at home and abroad , the theoretical significance , the practical value and the research method .

In the second part , the social foundation and the characteristics of the times are summarized . In the social background of the prosperity of commodity economy , social progress and the increase of the population , the Qing Dynasty has promoted the development and expansion of the law , and made it a social professional group .

The third part : The role of the Qing Dynasty in the history plays a role . First , it divides the concept of the costs and the costs , and divides the image of the legal service and the malevolent legal order . In the official , the folk and the legal self - evaluation , we should focus on the expression and practice , pay attention to the legal interests of the people , pay attention to the legal interests of the people , attach great importance to the ethics and diligence , and redefine the objective value of the Qing Dynasty .

In the fourth part , the mutual relation between the legal system and the legal environment is the premise of the existence and development of the legal system . At the same time , the imperfection of the litigation system , including the availability of the litigation activity and the written doctrine of the litigation procedure , has brought up the production of the costs . At the same time , the litigation system is a beneficial complement to the litigation system of the Qing Dynasty .

The fifth part : the natural integration of the culture of the law and the mainstream culture . The litigation view embodied in the litigation activity of the legal person is not the destroyer of the traditional culture of Confucianism .

The author hopes that the academic atmosphere in the academic field to study the costs of the law should be reviewed and evaluated , and there is an objective study on its existence value .
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D929

【参考文献】