新修辞学中的听众理论及其对司法活动的影响

发布时间：2018-06-05 02:25

本文选题：新修辞学 + 听众理论　；参考：《山东大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：起源于古希腊西方修辞学最初即被应用在法庭的诉讼演说中,经过古罗马,文艺复兴时期,吸取了亚里士多德关于修辞学的论证方法,逐渐发展成为新修辞学。新修辞学逐渐引起了欧美修辞理论家的关注,并开始了深入的研究,佩雷尔曼作为新修辞学理论的代表人物,提出了著名的听众理论,强调听众在演说中的地位,通过对听众的分析,来达到说服听众的目的,获得演说的成功。听众理论同样会影响到司法审判,在法庭论辩中,法官,律师,当事人以及公众都会成为修辞关系中的重要因素,如何抓住这些听众的心理,决定着论辩成功与否。影响法庭论辩中的听众因素有很多,将这些因素和修辞学联系起来,成为说服的关键。听众理论中的普遍听众和特殊听众有一定的联系,又有很大的区别,普遍听众是言说者心中的理想听众,在言说者心中认为,听众理应如此；而特殊听众是多元的,特殊听众具有不同的特性,对普遍听众的说服可以看成是对特殊听众的说服,是普遍听众的具体化,通过对普遍听众和特殊听众的分析,使言说者对听众进行具体的分析,调整论辩方案,使言说更具有说服力。听众理论发展至今,逐渐深入到司法判决中,听众的接受程度是判断司法判决合理性的重要标志,听众的可接受性既节省了司法资源又维护了法律的公正和正义。听众理论在经历了众多理论学家研究的洗礼,得到了修辞学家的认可,虽然也有修辞学家指出听众理论的矛盾之处,但是瑕不掩瑜,听众理论依然是新修辞学论辩思想中的一颗明珠,尤其是听众理论和法庭审判相结合,给法官的工作提供了指导的理论思想,听众理论和法律实践结合,具有重要的意义。佩雷尔曼的新修辞学涉及到哲学,心理学,教育学等学科领域,使新修辞学以法学的视角审视问题,听众理论与法学研究相结合,将具体的理论与法庭的实践辩论相结合,引入了价值论断和正义理论,更加丰富了新修辞学的论辩思想。
[Abstract]:Originated in ancient Greece, Western rhetoric was initially used in court litigation speeches. Through ancient Rome and Renaissance, Aristotle's argumentation on rhetoric was absorbed and gradually developed into new rhetoric. The new rhetoric has gradually attracted the attention of European and American rhetoric theorists, and began to study deeply. Perelman, as a representative figure of the new rhetoric theory, put forward the famous audience theory, emphasizing the status of the audience in the speech. Through the analysis of the audience to achieve the purpose of persuading the audience to achieve the success of the speech. The audience theory will also affect the judicial trial. In the court debate, judges, lawyers, clients and the public will become important factors in the rhetorical relationship. How to grasp the psychology of these listeners determines the success of the argument. There are many factors that influence the audience in court arguments, and linking these factors with rhetoric becomes the key to persuasion. There is a certain connection between the universal audience and the special audience in the theory of audience. The universal audience is the ideal listener in the speaker's heart. In the speaker's mind, the listener should be like this, and the special audience is pluralistic. Special listeners have different characteristics. Persuasion of universal listeners can be regarded as persuasion of special listeners and concretization of general listeners. Through the analysis of general listeners and special listeners, the speaker can make concrete analysis of the listeners. Adjust the argumentation scheme to make the speech more persuasive. With the development of the audience theory, the acceptance of the audience is an important symbol to judge the rationality of the judicial decision. The acceptability of the audience not only saves the judicial resources but also preserves the justice and justice of the law. The audience theory has experienced the baptism of many theorists, and has been recognized by the rhetoricians. Although some rhetoricians point out the contradictions of the audience theories, they do not hide their flaws. The audience theory is still a bright pearl in the new rhetoric debate thought, especially the combination of the audience theory and the court trial, which provides the guiding theory thought for the judge's work, the audience theory and the legal practice union, has the important significance. Perelman's new rhetoric involves the fields of philosophy, psychology, pedagogy and so on. It makes the new rhetoric examine problems from the perspective of law, combines the theory of audience with the research of law, and combines the concrete theory with the practical debate of the court. The theory of value and justice is introduced, which enriches the debate thought of new rhetoric.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D90-05

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