民国时期审判制度研究

发布时间：2018-07-20 22:19

【摘要】：本文从传统审判制度的特征入手,分析了在清末传统社会结构近代转型和西方列强入侵及其法治文化渗透内、外两种背景下,中国传统审判制度产生变革的历史必然性；通过对民国不同时期的审判制度的模式选择和审判制度的建构、实践的实证分析,揭示了法文化在法律制度,特别是审判制度引进、移植和本土化过程的影响力；深入分析了民国时期审判机关的建立、审判原则的确立、审判人员的组成、审判方式的变革以及新型审检关系的建立、律师制度的创设等问题,深化了对审判权本质、审判权运行的规律以及民国时期审判制度变革的内在原因的认识,并提出了民国时期审判制度的发展对于现阶段审判制度的现代化的借鉴作用。论文中总共分为六个部分。第一部分“绪论”,对论文选题动因和研究意义、以往主要研究成果、研究视角与研究方法、研究的主要内容和预期贡献等几个部分作了简单交代。第二部分“清末审判制度变革及其对民国时期审判制度的影响”,介绍了中国传统审判制度的特点及其缺陷、清末审判制度变革、清末审判制度变革对民国时期审判制度的影响等方面内容,主要是立足于阐述民国时期审判制度变革的历史背景、渊源。第三部分“民国时期审判机关及法官制度的建立和发展”,主要分析民国时期审判机关设立的规范化、法官制度的变迁及法官职业化。第四部分“民国时期审判原则及审判制度的建立和发展”,主要分析民国时期法院审判原则的演变及审判方式的变革,行政审判制度、民事审判制度、刑事审判制度、军事审判制度的设计和司法实践。第五部分“控辩制度的发展对民国时期审判制度的影响”,主要探讨新型审检关系的建立、律师制度的建立及职业化、新型控辩关系对民国时期审判制度的影响。第六部分“民国时期审判制度近代化的进程、特征及启示”,在分析民国时期审判制度从传统审判制度向近代审判制度转型发展中出现的特点和缺陷单基础上,探索了民国时期审判制度发展对现代中国审判制度发展的启示与借鉴。文章最后部分是结语,总结性地叙述了民国审判制度的变革轨迹对于当代中国司法建设的意义。
[Abstract]:Starting with the characteristics of the traditional trial system, this paper analyzes the historical inevitability of the transformation of the traditional social structure in the late Qing Dynasty, the invasion of the western powers and the infiltration of the rule of law culture, and the historical inevitability of the transformation of the Chinese traditional trial system. Through the mode selection of the trial system in different periods of the Republic of China and the construction of the trial system and the empirical analysis of practice, this paper reveals the influence of the legal culture in the legal system, especially in the process of introducing, transplanting and localization of the judicial system. It deeply analyzes the establishment of judicial organs, the establishment of trial principles, the composition of judicial personnel, the reform of trial methods, the establishment of a new type of trial and inspection relationship, the establishment of a lawyer system, and so on, which deepens the essence of judicial power. The law of the operation of judicial power and the understanding of the internal reasons for the reform of the trial system during the Republic of China period, and put forward the reference role of the development of the trial system in the period of the Republic of China to the modernization of the trial system at the present stage. The thesis is divided into six parts. The first part, "introduction", gives a brief account of the motivation and significance of the topic, the main research achievements, the research perspective and methods, the main contents and expected contributions. The second part, "the Reform of the trial system in the late Qing Dynasty and its influence on the trial system of the Republic of China", introduces the characteristics and defects of the Chinese traditional trial system, and the reform of the trial system in the late Qing Dynasty. The influence of the reform of the trial system in the late Qing Dynasty on the trial system in the Republic of China is mainly based on the historical background and origin of the reform of the trial system during the period of the Republic of China. The third part, the establishment and development of the judicial organ and judge system in the period of the Republic of China, mainly analyzes the standardization of the establishment of the judicial organ in the period of the Republic of China, the change of the judge system and the professionalization of the judge. The fourth part "the establishment and development of the trial principle and trial system during the Republic of China", mainly analyzes the evolution of the court trial principle and the reform of the trial method, the administrative trial system, the civil trial system and the criminal trial system. The design and judicial practice of military trial system. The fifth part, "the influence of the development of the prosecution and defense system on the trial system in the Republic of China", mainly discusses the establishment of a new type of trial and inspection relationship, the establishment and professionalization of the lawyer system, and the influence of the new type of prosecution and defense system on the trial system in the Republic of China. The sixth part, "the process, characteristics and Enlightenment of the Modernization of the trial system in the Republic of China", is based on the analysis of the characteristics and defects of the judicial system in the period of the Republic of China from the traditional trial system to the modern trial system. This paper explores the enlightenment and reference of the development of the trial system in the period of the Republic of China to the development of the modern Chinese trial system. The last part of the article is the conclusion, which summarizes the significance of the reform of the judicial system of the Republic of China to the contemporary Chinese judicial construction.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D926.2;D929

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