周恩来宪政思想研究

发布时间：2018-08-18 09:42

【摘要】： 作为共和国首任总理,周恩来为我国的宪政建设做出了卓越贡献。其宪政思想主要包括以下几个方面。第一,他运用马克思主义法学观点,清晰阐释了宪法的产生、内涵、作用等方面;同时,他也重视宪法的制定和实施,他主张制定宪法要从实际出发,采取慎重的科学的态度。对于宪法的执行,他强调要有法必依、按章办事。第二,作为政府总理,周恩来不仅是民主的倡导者,更是民主的实践者。他的民主思想的核心是人民当家作主。他明确指出社会主义人民民主是社会主义的本质所在。他主张民主与专政相结合,民主与集中相结合。他还重视民主形式的多样化。周恩来还从国家制度的角度来观察民主,强调民主必须制度化、法制化。第三,关于社会主义法治,他主张“宪法至上”,并处处以身作则。他指出必须建立健全社会主义法制,这是宪政的基础;必须坚持有法必依、依法办事,一切以法律为依据;强调要加强司法工作,这是是依法治国的重要环节,并主张加强对政府工作的监督。第四,周恩来积极领导并参加了中国人民争取、保障和维护人权的斗争。他指出了社会主义人权同资本主义人权的本质区别;并强调人权的争取,必须以国家的独立、民族的解放为前提;人权的解决,必须大力发展生产力,以满足人民群众日益增长的物质文化需要。第五,关于宪政改革,周恩来指出了宪政改革的必然性和必要性,并指出了宪政改革的重点与原则。第六,周恩来宪政思想对当今中国政治体制改革的启示,包括宪法与实践的关系;扩大民主的途径;司法改革;公民的政治参与和如何实现人的全面发展等。
[Abstract]:As the first Prime Minister of the Republic, Zhou Enlai made outstanding contributions to the constitutional construction of our country. His constitutional thought mainly includes the following aspects. First, he uses the Marxist legal viewpoint to explain clearly the emergence, connotation and function of the constitution. At the same time, he also attaches importance to the constitution formulation and implementation. He advocates that the constitution should be formulated from the actual situation and adopt a prudent scientific attitude. For the implementation of the Constitution, he stressed that there must be laws, according to the rules. Second, as prime minister, Zhou Enlai is not only an advocate of democracy, but also a practitioner of democracy. At the heart of his democratic ideas is the people as masters of their own affairs. He clearly pointed out that socialist people's democracy is the essence of socialism. He advocated the combination of democracy and dictatorship, democracy and centralism. He also attached importance to the diversity of democratic forms. Zhou Enlai also observed democracy from the point of view of state system, emphasizing that democracy must be institutionalized and legalized. Third, on the socialist rule of law, he advocated the "Constitution first", and set an example everywhere. He pointed out that it is necessary to establish and improve the socialist legal system, which is the basis of constitutionalism, that we must adhere to the law and act according to law, and that all things should be based on laws.He stressed the need to strengthen judicial work, which is an important link in governing the country according to law. It also advocates strengthening supervision of government work. Fourth, Zhou Enlai actively led and participated in the struggle of the Chinese people for the protection, protection and protection of human rights. He pointed out the essential difference between socialist human rights and capitalist human rights; stressed that the struggle for human rights must be premised on the independence of the country and the liberation of the nation; and that the solution of human rights must vigorously develop the productive forces, To meet the people's growing material and cultural needs. Fifth, on constitutional reform, Zhou Enlai points out the inevitability and necessity of constitutional reform, and points out the emphases and principles of constitutional reform. Sixth, Zhou Enlai's constitutional thought enlightens China's political system reform, including the relationship between constitution and practice, the way to expand democracy, judicial reform, citizen's political participation and how to realize the all-round development of human being.
【学位授予单位】：延安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D909.2;D921

【共引文献】