日常生活中的法初探——以交往行动理论为视角

发布时间：2018-10-29 14:46

【摘要】：哈贝马斯的交往行动理论作为社会哲学的元理论,为解释国家法之外的社会调控体系之合法性提供了坚实的理论基础。本文采取社会本位的法律多元主义的立场,以哈贝马斯交往行动理论为出发点,分析了交往互动行为对日常生活中的法规范之形成的建构性意义。通过讨论"日常生活中的法"的产生、形成与发展过程,指出了"日常生活中的法"体系对社会生活的基础性调控作用。并结合中国法治社会进程中所遇到的困难,讨论了建构良性循环的"日常生活法体系"对形成健康平衡的社会秩序调控系统的重要意义。本文第一部分对哈贝马斯的交往行动理论进行了简单的梳理,指出交往互动行为和生活世界是哈氏理论中最为核心的两个概念。并结合案例,通过分析哈氏理论的贡献与不足,对建构交往理性基础之上的"日常生活中的法"体系进行了理论铺垫。第二部分讨论了建立在交往理性之上的"日常生活中的法"之形成与发展过程。首先,通过考察日常生活中的法与"活法"的区别联系,把"日常生活中的法"定义为:在交往行动中产生,经由主体一致性同意而形成对彼此行为之稳定性预期,从而约束主体行为,具有连续性规范意义的行为准则。随后,根据社会心理学家塔尔德"社会模拟理论",分析了随着交往及交往扩大化,"日常生活中的法"吸收整合其他一般行为规范而不断发展的过程。第三部分讨论了"日常生活中的法"的组成部分及其内部效力层级的划分。通过阐释"日常生活中的法"与"生活中的微观法律"、道德以及习惯法之间的关联性,将"日常生活中的法"体系内部的效力层级划分及其运行、制裁机制呈现出来。同时指出,生活中的微观法律、社会道德规范和习惯法因为形成与运作方式的差别,其效力等级呈逐步递增状态。最后,本文从中国法治社会进程中遇到的困境出发,指出转型中国社会,同样遇到了哈贝马斯的"生活世界殖民化"的问题。无论是国家法体系,还是"日常生活中的法"体系都面临着巨大的困境,只有充分恢复交往理性,重视法与社会生活的良性互动,建立一个良性循环的"日常生活中的法"体系,才能建构起具有整体性意义的、健康平衡的社会调控体系。
[Abstract]:Habermas' communicative action theory, as a meta-theory of social philosophy, provides a solid theoretical basis for explaining the legitimacy of social regulation system outside the state law. Based on Habermas' communicative action theory, this paper analyzes the constructive significance of communicative interaction to the formation of legal norms in daily life. Based on the discussion of the emergence, formation and development of "Law in Daily Life", this paper points out that the system of "Law in Daily Life" plays a fundamental role in regulating social life. In the light of the difficulties encountered in the process of the society governed by law in China, this paper discusses the importance of constructing a benign cycle of "daily life law system" for the formation of a healthy and balanced system of social order regulation and control. In the first part of this paper, Habermas's theory of communicative action is briefly combed, and it is pointed out that communicative interaction and the world of life are the two most important concepts in Habermas's theory. By analyzing the contribution and deficiency of Hartmann's theory, this paper lays a theoretical foundation for the construction of the "law in daily life" system based on communicative rationality. The second part discusses the formation and development of the law in daily life based on communicative rationality. First of all, by examining the difference between daily life law and "living law", we define "law in daily life" as the expectation of the stability of each other's behavior, which comes into being in the course of communication and is agreed by the subject. Thus constrains the subject behavior, has the continuity norm significance behavior rule. Then, according to the social psychologist Talde's "social simulation theory", this paper analyzes the process of the development of the "law of daily life", which integrates other general norms of behavior with the expansion of communication and communication. The third part discusses the components of the Law in Daily Life and the division of its internal effectiveness. By explaining the relationship between "law in daily life" and "micro-law in life", morality and customary law, the classification and operation of "law in daily life" system is divided and the sanction mechanism is presented. At the same time, it is pointed out that the micro law, social moral norm and customary law in life are gradually increasing in effect because of the difference between their formation and operation. Finally, starting from the difficulties encountered in the process of China's society under the rule of law, this paper points out that the transformation of Chinese society has also encountered the problem of Habermas's "colonization of the living world". Both the system of national law and the system of "law in daily life" are faced with great difficulties. Only by fully restoring the reason of communication and attaching importance to the benign interaction between law and social life, Only by establishing a virtuous cycle of "law in daily life" system can we construct a healthy and balanced social control system.
【作者单位】：吉林省通化市东昌区工商联;
【分类号】：D909

【参考文献】