听众理论及其在法律实践中的应用
发布时间：2018-11-25 22:49
【摘要】：对听众理论的研究，最早可追溯到古典修辞学的最杰出代表亚里士多德，后来佩雷尔曼继承亚里士多德的修辞学理论，并发展了其听众理论，，尤其是使其听众概念扩大化。佩雷尔曼的听众理论已较为成熟。 所谓听众，就是说话者在论证过程中试图影响的人。听众理论就是在论辩过程中从听众的角度出发，讨论说话者如何使自己的观点获得听众的支持，并因而具有合理性和可接受性。听众理论中的听众，就是指的特定理想听众，即可以达成理性共识的团体，他们都能遵从议论理性，并合理地接受所提出的论点，以防止某些激情演说家或煽动家的出现。譬如在法律实践过程中，无论是立法中，还是法庭论辩以及司法裁判中所面对的特定理想听众，都是职业化的法律人或者具有法学知识的有理智的人。如果每一过程都能获得其支持，那么法律实践就是完满的。 说服有两个维度，一是亚里士多德和佩雷尔曼所谓的“发现说服的能力”，亦即说服者说服听众的准备过程；二是运用说服的能力，即修辞者面对听众，用自己的理论说服听众的过程。听众理论在这两个过程都具有巨大的应用价值。“司法逻辑的根本目的在于说服”，法律实践本身就是充满着说服和反说服的过程，将听众理论应用于法律实践，不仅对律师做出说服性的辩护，还是对被告人做出简明有力的最后陈述，或者对法官作出可接受的裁判等都大有助益。 本文共三个部分。 第一部分：听众理论的历史渊源。介绍了亚里士多德及佩雷尔曼的修辞学及其听众理论。亚里士多德在其著作《修辞学》中论述了听众的地位并分析了听众的情感。佩雷尔曼重视听众的分析在人文科学的研究中有着不可或缺的作用，并进而将听众区分为普遍听众、单一听众和自我听众。 第二部分：听众与听众理论。这是本文的理论重点，通过借鉴亚里士多德和佩雷尔曼对听众理论的研究，并参考听众在电视、宣传和演讲中的价值，总结出听众的概念和听众理论的内容，把听众理论分为论证过程中的听众理论和说服过程中的听众理论。 第三部分：听众理论在法律实践中的应用。这是本文的落脚点和归宿。通过具体案例，着重分析了听众理论在法庭辩论、被告人最后陈述和司法裁判文书中的应用方法及效果，从而说明听众理论在法律实践中的应用价值。
[Abstract]:The study of audience theory can be traced back to Aristotle, the most outstanding representative of classical rhetoric. Later, Perelman inherited Aristotle's rhetoric theory and developed his audience theory, especially to expand the concept of audience. Perelman's theory of audience is mature. The audience is the person the speaker tries to influence in the process of argument. The theory of audience is to discuss how the speaker can get the support of the audience from the perspective of the listener in the process of argumentation, and therefore it is reasonable and acceptable. The audience in the audience theory refers to the specific ideal audience, that is, the group that can reach a rational consensus. They can follow the reasoning reason and accept the argument reasonably, so as to prevent some passionate orator or agitator from appearing. For example, in the process of legal practice, whether in legislation, in court argument or in judicial decision, the special ideal audience is a professional legal person or a rational person with legal knowledge. If each process is supported, then legal practice is perfect. Persuasion has two dimensions, one is Aristotle and Perelman's so-called "ability to discover persuasion", that is, the preparatory process of persuasion. The second is the ability of persuasion, that is, the process of the rhetorician facing the audience and persuading the listener with his own theory. Audience theory has great application value in both processes. "the fundamental purpose of judicial logic is persuasion". Legal practice itself is full of persuasion and counter-persuasion. The application of listener theory to legal practice is not only a persuasive defense to lawyers. It is also helpful to make concise and powerful final statements to the accused, or to make an acceptable decision to the judge. There are three parts in this paper. The first part: the historical origin of audience theory. This paper introduces Aristotle and Perelman's rhetoric and his audience theory. In his book rhetoric, Aristotle discusses the status of listeners and analyzes their emotions. Perelman attached great importance to the analysis of the audience in the study of the humanities, and then divided the audience into the universal audience, the single audience and the self-audience. The second part: audience and audience theory. This is the focus of this paper. By referring to Aristotle and Perelman's research on audience theory, and referring to the audience's value in television, propaganda and speech, the author summarizes the concept of audience and the content of audience theory. The theory of audience is divided into the theory of audience in the process of argumentation and the theory of audience in the process of persuasion. The third part: the application of audience theory in legal practice. This is the foothold and destination of this article. In this paper, the author analyzes the application method and effect of the audience theory in the court debate, the defendant's final statement and the judicial judgment document through the concrete case, thus explains the application value of the audience theory in the legal practice.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D90-051
本文编号：2357594
[Abstract]:The study of audience theory can be traced back to Aristotle, the most outstanding representative of classical rhetoric. Later, Perelman inherited Aristotle's rhetoric theory and developed his audience theory, especially to expand the concept of audience. Perelman's theory of audience is mature. The audience is the person the speaker tries to influence in the process of argument. The theory of audience is to discuss how the speaker can get the support of the audience from the perspective of the listener in the process of argumentation, and therefore it is reasonable and acceptable. The audience in the audience theory refers to the specific ideal audience, that is, the group that can reach a rational consensus. They can follow the reasoning reason and accept the argument reasonably, so as to prevent some passionate orator or agitator from appearing. For example, in the process of legal practice, whether in legislation, in court argument or in judicial decision, the special ideal audience is a professional legal person or a rational person with legal knowledge. If each process is supported, then legal practice is perfect. Persuasion has two dimensions, one is Aristotle and Perelman's so-called "ability to discover persuasion", that is, the preparatory process of persuasion. The second is the ability of persuasion, that is, the process of the rhetorician facing the audience and persuading the listener with his own theory. Audience theory has great application value in both processes. "the fundamental purpose of judicial logic is persuasion". Legal practice itself is full of persuasion and counter-persuasion. The application of listener theory to legal practice is not only a persuasive defense to lawyers. It is also helpful to make concise and powerful final statements to the accused, or to make an acceptable decision to the judge. There are three parts in this paper. The first part: the historical origin of audience theory. This paper introduces Aristotle and Perelman's rhetoric and his audience theory. In his book rhetoric, Aristotle discusses the status of listeners and analyzes their emotions. Perelman attached great importance to the analysis of the audience in the study of the humanities, and then divided the audience into the universal audience, the single audience and the self-audience. The second part: audience and audience theory. This is the focus of this paper. By referring to Aristotle and Perelman's research on audience theory, and referring to the audience's value in television, propaganda and speech, the author summarizes the concept of audience and the content of audience theory. The theory of audience is divided into the theory of audience in the process of argumentation and the theory of audience in the process of persuasion. The third part: the application of audience theory in legal practice. This is the foothold and destination of this article. In this paper, the author analyzes the application method and effect of the audience theory in the court debate, the defendant's final statement and the judicial judgment document through the concrete case, thus explains the application value of the audience theory in the legal practice.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D90-051
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