论汉英法律翻译中的忠实原则

发布时间：2019-04-23 17:05

【摘要】： 长期以来,忠实原则一直是中西译学批评和翻译实践活动的指导原则,与之相关的译学研究亦随着新的翻译理论的出现而不断展开。二十世纪七十年代伊始,汉语立法文本的英译随着中国对外开放政策的采用而日渐兴盛。但是,迄今为止,法学翻译界对忠实原则在汉语立法文本的英译中的适用性仍然缺乏系统研究。本文则是这类研究的初步尝试。本文首先讨论了普通翻译中与忠实原则相关的正反两类理论观点:赞成一方认为忠实是一个相对的概念,忠实的相对性决定了它的可行性,也拓宽了它适用的范围;反对观点尤其是新兴的现代理论虽然为审视忠实这一概念提供了新的视角,但是从这些角度提出的对忠实的质疑都具有其各自的固有缺陷。本文作者承认忠实的相对性,继而对中国与西方国家法律翻译的理论中与忠实相关的研究进行了讨论。论者综合中西方理论认为,忠实原则在理论上对于汉语立法文本的英译仍具有指导意义。忠实在汉语立法文本的英译实践中表现为最大限度地传达原文的意义。立法文本明确人们的权利和义务,它们所表达的意义在法律的运用中十分重要。因此,立法文本的翻译就应当首先准确传达出原文本的意义。而意义实际上是由语言所表达的,法律翻译者要在翻译的过程中达到对原文意义的忠实,就应该对原文的词语、句式以及篇章结构所传达的意义有深刻的理解。本文对词语、句法和语篇三个层面的例证进行细致分析后证明,在汉语立法文本的翻译中,对原文意义的忠实传达是可以实现的。法律语言是法律文化的重要表现。法律文化是与法律有关的事物与思想的有机总和,包括法律体系、法律意识等。法律翻译不仅是异域法律语言的符号转换,而且在某种程度上也是不同法律文化之间的交流。中国与西方国家的法律文化的相同与差异对汉语立法文本的英译会产生很大的影响,法律翻译者必须对中国和西方国家的法律文化有充分的了解才能忠实的表达出这些与文化相关的信息。通过对法律文化共性、法律文化空缺和法律文化个性三种情况下的汉语立法文本英译例证的分析证明,忠实原则在法律文化的翻译过程中亦具有指导作用。总之,翻译的忠实原则对汉语立法文本的英译具有重要的指导意义。在翻译过程中,忠实主要体现为准确传达原文的意义和文化。这两种目标的最终实现离不开译者扎实的双语功底和深厚的中西法律文化知识。
[Abstract]:For a long time, the principle of faithfulness has been the guiding principle of translation criticism and translation practice in China and the West, and the related translation studies have been carried out with the emergence of new translation theories. At the beginning of the seventies of the 20th century, the English translation of Chinese legislative texts flourished with the adoption of China's policy of opening up to the outside world. However, so far, there is still a lack of systematic research on the applicability of the principle of faithfulness in the translation of Chinese legislative texts into English in the field of legal translation. This paper is a preliminary attempt at this kind of research. This paper first discusses the positive and negative theories related to the principle of faithfulness in ordinary translation: one agrees that faithfulness is a relative concept, and the relativity of faithfulness determines its feasibility and broadens the scope of its application; The opposition view, especially the new modern theory, provides a new perspective for examining the concept of faithfulness, but the doubts to faithfulness put forward from these angles all have their own inherent defects. The author acknowledges the relativity of faithfulness, and then discusses the study of faithfulness in the theory of legal translation between China and the West. According to the theories of China and the West, the principle of faithfulness is still of guiding significance to the translation of Chinese legislative texts into English. Faithfulness conveys the meaning of the original text to the maximum extent in the practice of translating Chinese legislative texts into English. Legislative texts make clear the rights and obligations of people, and the meaning they express is very important in the application of law. Therefore, the translation of legislative texts should first accurately convey the meaning of the original text. In fact, meaning is expressed by language. If legal translators want to be faithful to the original meaning in the process of translation, they should have a profound understanding of the meaning conveyed by the words, sentence patterns and text structure of the original text. This paper makes a detailed analysis of the examples of words, syntax and discourse, and proves that the faithful transmission of the original meaning can be realized in the translation of Chinese legislative texts. Legal language is an important expression of legal culture. Legal culture is the organic sum of things and thoughts related to law, including legal system, legal consciousness and so on. Legal translation is not only the symbolic transformation of foreign legal language, but also the communication between different legal cultures to some extent. The similarities and differences in legal culture between China and Western countries will have a great impact on the translation of Chinese legislative texts into English. Legal translators must have a good understanding of the legal culture of China and Western countries in order to express these cultural-related information faithfully. Through the analysis of legal cultural generality, legal cultural vacancy and legal cultural individuality in the translation of Chinese legislative texts into English, it is proved that the principle of faithfulness also plays a guiding role in the translation of legal culture. In a word, the principle of faithfulness in translation is of great significance to the translation of Chinese legislative texts into English. In the process of translation, faithfulness is mainly reflected in the accurate transmission of the meaning and culture of the original text. The ultimate realization of these two goals depends on the translator's solid bilingual foundation and profound knowledge of Chinese and Western legal culture.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：H315.9;D90-055

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