司法鉴定救助制度实务研究

发布时间：2018-02-03 23:53

本文关键词： 司法鉴定司法救助司法鉴定救助　出处：《黑龙江大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在社会经济飞速发展的过程中，贫富差距不可避免。根据我国宪法规定的法律面前人人平等的原则，无论诉讼当事人的经济状况如何，都应享有同等的诉讼权利。而在司法实践中，，越来越频繁地发生社会弱势群体当事人由于经济困难而无力承担司法鉴定费用，导致司法鉴定无法进行，并最终丧失应有权利的悲剧。这无疑加剧了当事人的不满情绪，增加了社会的不稳定因素，有悖于我国构建社会主义和谐社会的目标。对社会弱势群体权利的保障，是现代社会衡量一个国家民主法制建设程度的重要标准之一。因此，不断建立和完善对社会弱势群体的救助制度，对保障社会稳定，提高我国民主法制建设水平具有重要意义。在某些案件中，司法鉴定意见对诉讼案件的裁判结果起着举足轻重的作用，与当事人的切身利益息息相关。司法鉴定救助作为司法救助体系中的重要环节之一，具有实现弱势群体当事人起诉意愿、弥补当事人举证能力不足以及促使诉讼过程中双方当事人权利均等的功能。然而，司法鉴定救助在我国仍属新生事务，没有普遍而广泛地开展起来，同时也缺乏统一的法律法规加以规范。在某些地区尝试开展的司法鉴定救助工作中，存在着大量的问题有待解决。在司法鉴定救助案件中，司法鉴定机构的社会公益属性和市场化运作要求的营利性之间的矛盾表现得尤为突出，需要规范的制度加以平衡。通过总结分析当前司法鉴定救助工作开展的实际情况，笔者认为，国家有必要建立统一规范的司法鉴定救助制度，对实践中暴露出的问题加以解决，从而保证整个司法救助链条的完整，落实司法鉴定救助的国家责任，在遵循司法鉴定机构参与市场化运作经济规律的同时，充分保障弱势群体的诉讼权利。本文以哈尔滨市司法鉴定救助工作开展的情况作为实例，从司法鉴定救助制度的一般理论、司法鉴定救助工作现状、建立司法鉴定救助制度的必要性、司法鉴定救助制度建设存在的问题及对策四个方面对司法鉴定救助制度进行较为全面地研究，以期对尽快建立统一完备的司法鉴定救助制度作出贡献。
[Abstract]:In the process of the rapid development of social economy, the gap between the rich and the poor is inevitable. According to the principle of equality before the law stipulated by the Constitution of our country, no matter what the economic situation of the litigant is. In judicial practice, more and more social vulnerable groups parties are unable to bear the costs of judicial identification because of economic difficulties, which leads to the judicial expertise can not be carried out. And the ultimate loss of due rights of the tragedy, which undoubtedly exacerbated the dissatisfaction of the parties, increased the social instability factors. Contrary to the goal of building a harmonious socialist society and the protection of the rights of the social vulnerable groups, it is one of the important standards for the modern society to measure the degree of the construction of a country's democratic and legal system. It is of great significance to establish and perfect the relief system for the vulnerable groups in society, to ensure social stability and to improve the level of democracy and legal system construction in our country. In some cases, the opinion of judicial expertise plays an important role in the adjudication results of litigation cases. As one of the most important links in the system of judicial assistance, it has the will to realize the prosecution of the vulnerable groups. To make up for the deficiency of the parties' ability of proof and to promote the equal rights of both parties in the process of litigation, however, the judicial identification and rescue is still a new business in our country, and has not been widely carried out. At the same time, there is a lack of uniform laws and regulations to regulate. In some areas, there are a large number of problems to be solved. The contradiction between the social commonweal attribute of forensic appraisal institution and the profit of market-oriented operation is especially prominent. Through summing up and analyzing the actual situation of the current judicial identification and relief work, the author believes that it is necessary for the country to establish a unified and standardized judicial identification and relief system. To solve the problems exposed in practice to ensure the integrity of the whole chain of judicial assistance, to implement the national responsibility of judicial identification and rescue, while following the economic law of judicial expertise institutions participating in the market operation. The litigation rights of the vulnerable groups should be fully protected. This paper takes the situation of judicial identification and rescue work in Harbin as an example, from the general theory of judicial identification and rescue system, the current situation of judicial identification and rescue work, the necessity of establishing judicial identification and rescue system. The problems and countermeasures in the construction of the judicial identification and rescue system are studied comprehensively in order to make a contribution to the establishment of a unified and complete judicial assistance system as soon as possible.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D925.1;D926

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