美国陪审团制与我国人民陪审员制之比较

发布时间：2018-02-09 03:24

本文关键词： 陪审团人民陪审员民主　出处：《中国社会科学院研究生院》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近现代陪审制度传入我国至今,陪审员的参审多流于形式上的“名誉陪审”。在司法实践中,陪审员的存在价值毫无发展,陪审制度形同虚设,有的学者甚至建议废除。然而,在理论上,陪审制度是我国诉讼制度乃至整个司法制度中的重要组成部分。完善人民陪审员制度是民主法治建设中的重要环节,它对司法程序的正当化能起到很大的推动作用。在实践中,陪审制度可以一方面对公权力形成制约,遏制法官的恃权滥用;一方面对私权利有效保护,保障公民的合法权益。另外还有助于增强司法审判的权威性,提高司法机关在社会大众中的公信力。历史上,没有哪个制度从设立之初就是完美的,本文通过对比中美陪审制度及阐述制度变迁,探索制度完善之道,以期为现实问题的解决提供可行方案。本文共分四部分,具体如下: 第一部分介绍美国陪审团制度的主要内容。首先对陪审团制度的形成和发展,陪审员的遴选及陪审团的运作进行概述。然后,从法律保障和权力制约两方面谈美国司法制度对陪审员的保障与制约。第二部分重点介绍我国人民陪审员制度的主要内容。首先概述我国人民陪审员制的历史沿革和运作发展,然后介绍人民陪审员的选任与人民陪审制的现状,包括人民陪审员的适用范围、所享有的权利义务及相关制度保障等。第三部分集中对陪审团制度与人民陪审员制度进行比较。从宏观和微观上对比美国陪审团制和我国的人民陪审员制,归纳总结出其各自优劣所在。意在通过制度比较,发掘相同问题不同的处理机制与价值取向,进而为完善我国人民陪审制度提供借鉴。在此基础上,第四部分总结结论并提出建议。即通过科学地认识陪审制度并对完善我国的人民陪审制度提出见解。首先从重视陪审制的价值切入,再从培养人民陪审制存在的基础、积极推动群众广泛参与、提升陪审员的诉讼地位、增加经费保障等方面加以论述。以期抛砖引玉引起各界对人民陪审制的重视,提出可行性方案,解决现实问题。
[Abstract]:The modern jury system was introduced into China since the jury trial is only a form of "honorary jury". In judicial practice, there is no development value of the jury, the jury system useless, some scholars even suggested abolishing. However, in theory, the jury system is an important part of China's litigation system the whole judicial system. Improving the people's jury system is an important link in the construction of democracy and the rule of law, it justifies the judicial process can play a significant role in promoting. In practice, the jury system can be a constraint on the formation of public power, curb the judge relies on the abuse of the right hand; the effective protection of the private right, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of citizens. In addition to help strengthen judicial authority, improve the judicial credibility in the community. In history, no system is perfect from the beginning of the establishment By comparing the Chinese and American jury system and elaborating the institutional change, this paper explores the way to improve the system so as to provide a feasible solution for the solution of the practical problems.
This article is divided into four parts, which are as follows:
The first part introduces the main contents of the jury system in the United States. First, it summarizes the formation and development of jury system, the selection of jurors and the operation of jury. Then, it discusses the guarantee and restriction of juridical system from two aspects: legal protection and power restriction.
The second part focuses on the main content of the jury system in our country. Firstly, our people's jury system in history and business development, and then introduces the people's jury selection and the status of the people's jury system, covers a wide range of people's assessors, the rights and obligations and related security system.
The third part focuses on the comparison of the jury system and the people's jury system. From the macro and micro comparison of American jury system and Chinese people's jury system, it summarizes the advantages and disadvantages. Through comparison of system, mechanism and value orientation to explore the same different problems, so as to improve the people's jury system our country for reference.
On this basis, the fourth part summarizes the conclusions and suggestions are put forward. Through scientific understanding of the jury system and put forward opinions on perfecting the people's jury system in China. Firstly, from the emphasis on the value of the jury system from the foundation of the existence of culture into the people's jury system, and actively promote the extensive participation of the masses, to enhance the status of litigation of the jury. To discuss increasing funding. To arouse the attention of the people's jury system, put forward the feasible scheme to solve practical problems.

【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D926.2

【引证文献】