检察机关审前阶段非法及瑕疵证据处理机制研究

发布时间：2018-02-26 05:00

本文关键词： 非法证据瑕疵证据处理机制预防机制　出处：《华东政法大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在《两个证据规定》以出台之前，我国对于证据能力很少进行规范，只要符合法定证据形式，证据几乎可不受限制地进入庭审并最终作为定案根据，因此也纵容了各种非法取证行为，针对这个问题，《两个证据规定》对非法及瑕疵证据规定了大量的审查判断以及排除规则，2012《刑事诉讼法》也对于相关内容进行了有益吸收，然而这些规定主要是针对法庭审理阶段证据的审查判断，学术界关于非法及瑕疵证据的探讨也多从理论角度出发，缺乏对于检察机关如何将这些规定具体落实的机制探讨，而正是由于相应机制的缺乏，各地检察机关的操作标准不一，甚至有的对于非法及瑕疵证据的认识都不统一，实践中还出现把瑕疵证据误作非法证据排除的案例，制度的价值在于能够在实践中将其真正落实，而不是作为一个悬在空中的楼阁，因此本文致力于构建非法及瑕疵证据的处理机制，以使相关证据制度能够真正落实。另一方面，《两个证据规定》及2012《刑事诉讼法》明确检察机关承担证据合法性的证明责任，并且将证明标准被准设定为“确实、充分”的最高标准，如果检察机关不能证明相关证据系合法取得，则相关证据就会被排除，进而增大了公诉败诉的风险。与之相对的是当前我国司法资源相对不足，，而刑事立案数则有逐年递增的趋势，而我国目前侦查技术和侦查手段还比较落后，无法完全满足犯罪斗争的需要，在当前司法环境下设立如此高的证明标准对检察机关的公诉工作提出了很高的挑战，为了应对这样的挑战，保证公诉质量、降低败诉风险，有必要建立起针对非法及瑕疵证据的专门的处理机制，一来在审前阶段实现对于证据质量的把关，二来在源头上对非法及瑕疵证据进行防范，以更好地实现检察院的诉讼监督职能和公诉职能，更好地实现打击犯罪与保障人权价值的有机统一。本文主要由以下三个部分构成：第一部分：针对实务中混淆非法及瑕疵证据的现状，笔者在从概念上和处理思路上对非法证据和瑕疵证据进行厘清，同时我国对于非法及瑕疵证据的相关规定进行梳理，明确了非法及瑕疵证据的外延，以及相关的举证责任和证明标准，为建立非法及瑕疵证据的处理机制构建制度打好理论基础。第二部分：一方面，制度的价值在于落实，落实则要通过配套机制来实现，另一方面，新的证据规定提高了检察机关在庭审中的证明责任，而庭审阶段仅是对之前工作总结性的表现，如何能够保证庭审质量降低败诉风险，主要在于审前阶段对于证据的把控，因此建议非法及瑕疵证据处理机制能很好地实现上述两项功能，该部分以法律规定、法理和司法实务为视角，对建立非法及瑕疵证据处理机制的必要性和可行性分别进行论证。第三部分：该部分从检察机关被动应对和主动预防两个角度，分别就检察机关在审前阶段对非法证据和瑕疵证据的处理机制进行探讨。被动处理机制分别从处理原则、发现机制、处理方式等角度进行剖析，结合对中国当前司法环境承受能力的考量，提出适合当前检察机关对于不合法证据的工作机制。主动预防机制则是从检察机关自侦案件预防机制构建以及检察机关审查批捕和审查起诉部门预防机制进行构建两个角度来进行论述，以期对司法实践有所裨益。
[Abstract]:In "before two Evidence Rules > to introduced, China's evidence ability rarely norms, as long as compliance with the statutory form of evidence, evidence almost unrestricted access to the trial and final verdict as, therefore also condoned illegal evidence collection behavior, in order to solve this problem," two provisions stipulated that large amounts of evidence review and judgment of the exclusive rule of illegal evidence and flaws, 2012< Criminal Procedure Law > also for related content are beneficial absorption, but these Provisions mainly for the court evidence examination and judgment, on the illegal and defective evidence in academic circles also from a theoretical perspective, the lack of how these Provisions for the prosecution of the mechanism of the specific implementation, and it is due to the lack of the corresponding mechanism of the procuratorial organs around the operating standards, and even some understanding and defective evidence are illegal The practice is not uniform, there is also the defective evidence as the illegal evidence exclusion case, the value of the system is able to practice in the real implementation, rather than as a hanging in the air of the pavilion, so this paper is devoted to the construction of illegal handling mechanism and the defective evidence, in order to make the relevant evidence system to truly implement the other. On the one hand, "two rules of evidence and Criminal Procedure Law > > 2012< procuratorial organs bear the responsibility that the legitimacy of evidence, and will prove to be a quasi standard set for" indeed, the highest standards of sufficient ", if the prosecution can not prove that the evidence is legally obtained, relevant evidence will be excluded, thus increasing the the risk of losing. The opposite is the relative lack of judicial resources in our country, and the number of criminal cases is increasing, and the current detection technology and means of investigation is still falling Later, unable to fully meet the needs of fighting crime, the establishment of such a high standard of proof in the current legal environment puts forward higher challenge to the procuratorial organs of the public prosecution work, in order to cope with this challenge, to ensure the quality of prosecution, to reduce the risk of losing, it is necessary to establish the illegal and defective evidence special processing mechanism, way in the stage of pre-trial evidence for quality control, and the source of illegal evidence and defect prevention, to better realize the procuratorate lawsuit supervision function and the function of public prosecution, to better achieve the fight against crime and the protection of the organic unity of human rights.
This article is mainly composed of the following three parts:
The first part: according to the present situation of confusion in the practice of illegal and defective evidence, the author from the concepts and ideas of illegal evidence and the defective evidence to clarify at the same time, our country made a summary about the relevant provisions of illegal and defective evidence, the extension of the illegal and defective evidence, and the burden of proof and standard of proof. To construct a system to lay the theoretical foundation for the establishment of illegal handling mechanism and the defective evidence.
The second part: on the one hand, the value of the system lies in the implementation of the implementation needs to be realized through the matching mechanism, on the other hand, the new evidence rules to improve the proof responsibility of the procuratorial organs in the trial, and the trial is only prior to the summary of the work, how to ensure the quality of the trial can reduce the risk of losing the main. In the pre-trial stage for evidence of the control, suggested that illegal and defective evidence handling mechanism can well realize the above two functions, the part of the law, legal theory and the perspective of judicial practice, to establish illegal evidence and flaws of the necessity and feasibility of processing mechanism are demonstrated.
The third part: this part from the prosecution of passive response to active prevention and two angles, respectively, the procuratorial organs handling mechanism of the illegal evidence and the defective evidence in the pretrial stage. To investigate passive treatment mechanism were found from the processing mechanism principle, analyzes the angle of approach, based on the China current judicial environment capacity consider, proposed for the current procuratorial organs for legal evidence does not work mechanism. Active prevention mechanism is from the prosecution case prevention mechanism construction and the procuratorial organ for examination and approval of arrest and prosecution department of prevention mechanism to construct two angles to carry on the elaboration, in order to benefit the judicial practice.

【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D925.2;D926.3

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