中国律师政治参与问题研究

发布时间：2018-02-28 12:01

本文关键词： 律师政治参与制度供给民主法治　出处：《吉林大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：政治参与是公民或团体采取一定的方式和途径影响政治和公共政策形成的行为和过程，律师的政治参与对国家的民主法治建设和公共管理的改善意义重大。现代法治史表明，存在一个不可忽视的领域，律师应该充分彰显其价值，这个领域就是政治生活。律师在西方国家有着尊崇的地位，他们扮演着社会中贵族的角色，在政治舞台上极为耀眼，很多政治明星来源于律师行业。律师参与政治已成为西方政治和法治发展的潮流和趋势。美、英、德、法等国家律师的政治参与尤为典型。律师的政治参与具备诸多优势和条件，，一是具备职业技能优势，二是具备时间和经济优势，三是具备社会角色优势。律师的政治参与在维护法治、促进民主、改善公共管理等方面均具有重要价值。中国近代律师制度发轫于清末。在引进西方的律师制度时，对其做了较大的保留，律师章程对律师从事与法律无关的活动持否定态度，实质上禁止了律师的政治参与。新中国成立后，律师的政治参与一度辉煌，他们为共和国的建立作出了突出贡献。改革开放后，中国律师的政治参与在一定程度上存在，一是部分律师当选为人大代表或政协委员；二是通过参与立法等途径影响公共政策的制定和执行。律师目前在政治上地位卑微，其政治参与范围狭小、深度有限是突出问题，这与其所处的社会政治生态有密切关系：首先，干部人事制度排拒了律师的政治参与，缺乏法律职业之间的转换制度限制了律师的政治参与，没有建立起律师参与立法的常规制度阻碍了律师的政治参与；其次，官本位思想压制了律师的政治参与，传统的无讼厌讼思想对律师的轻视，影响了律师的政治参与；再次，律师职业过度商业化吞没了律师在法治国家建设和社会公共事务中理当扮演的公共性政治角色；律师的政治参与意识较弱使得律师无可避免地丧失了参与政治、推动法治进程的能力和机会；律师群体整体素质不能满足政治参与的要求也极大地制约了律师政治参与功能的发挥。从专制人治到民主法治的历史转型为律师以权利捍卫者的身份出现并活跃在社会政治舞台打开了大门；以法政等人文社科专业背景为主的职业政治家治国时代的来临，意味着经由人文官僚、技术官僚治国之后，法政官僚治国时代的到来，这将为中国律师的政治参与提供难得的历史机遇，中国律师以政治家和行政官员的身份出现在社会政治舞台将因为有现实的可能性而值得期待。政治参与供给制度的竞争是现代国家之间十分重要的竞争项目，律师作为宝贵的政治人才资源，如果不能获得更好的政治参与通道，势必会有浪费或流失的可能。要设计出让律师充分发挥作用的民主制度，实现政治资源的合理配置。要增加律师参与政治的机会，建立律师进入体制内的正常机制，提供律师政治参与的制度供给。当选人大代表或政协委员、直接参与立法、进入司法部门、通过担任公职律师等途径参与和影响决策、进入国家政权机关担任领导职务等等是加强我国律师政治参与的路径选择。
[Abstract]:Political participation is the behavior and process of citizens or groups to take certain ways and means to influence the formation of political and public policies . The political participation of lawyers is of great significance to the improvement of the country ' s democratic rule of law and the improvement of public administration . The history of modern rule of law shows that there is a field that cannot be ignored , and lawyers should fully demonstrate their value , which is political life . lawyer ' s participation in politics has become the trend and trend of western politics and rule of law . After the reform and opening - up , the political participation of lawyers in China has been brilliant . After the reform and opening - up , the political participation of lawyers in China has been in a certain degree . One is that some lawyers are elected as representatives of the NPC or CPPCC members ; the second is to influence the formulation and implementation of public policies through participation in legislation . The lawyer ' s political participation and the lack of legal profession restrict the lawyer ' s political participation ; secondly , the legal profession overcommercializes the lawyer ' s political participation , and the lawyer ' s political participation is weak , so the lawyer inevitably loses the ability and opportunity to participate in politics and promote the rule of law process , and the requirement of the lawyer group ' s overall quality can not meet the requirement of political participation , which also restricts the function of lawyer ' s political participation . From the rule of law to democracy , the transformation of rule of law has opened the door for lawyers in the status of the rights defenders and active in the political arena of the society ; the arrival of the rule of governance of a professional statesman based on the background of the humanities and social sciences , such as the rule of law , means that the arrival of the rule of law and government after the administration of the humanities and social sciences , such as the rule of law , will provide a rare historical opportunity for the political participation of Chinese lawyers , and the presence of Chinese lawyers in the political arena of the society as a politician and administrative officials will be expected to be possible because of the possibility of reality . The competition of political participation in supply system is a very important competition project between modern countries . As a valuable political talent resource , lawyers can be wasted or lost if they are not able to obtain better political participation channels . To increase the chances of lawyer ' s participation in politics , to establish the normal mechanism of lawyer ' s political participation . To increase the chances of lawyer ' s participation in politics , establish the normal mechanism of lawyer ' s political participation .

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D926.5

【参考文献】