一人公司债权人法律保护机制研究

发布时间：2018-07-05 16:33

本文选题：一人公司 + 债权人　；参考：《兰州商学院》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 一人公司是20世纪发展起来的一种特殊的公司形式,它最初是通过判例的形式被承认合法存在的。一人公司的出现是对传统公司法理论的一个重大突破,对经济和社会的发展起了重要的促进作用,因此,逐渐得到了各国立法的认可。2005年10月27日,第十届全国人大常委会会议通过了《中华人民共和国公司法》(修订),增加了一人有限责任公司的规定,在立法上承认了一人公司存在的合法性。这一举措顺应了世界各国立法的发展趋势,有利于鼓励投资以及发展、完善公司法律制度。但是,一人公司的公司治理结构有其自身特殊性,与传统的公司法理论和法律制度相悖,对债权人的利益造成一定的威胁。《公司法》仅用七个条款对一人公司作了简略的规定,没有对债权人权益起到很好的保护作用。本文在我国《公司法》确认一人有限责任公司合法性的大背景下,以一人公司债权人法律保护机制为研究中心,分析一人公司债权人利益法律保护制度的优势和缺陷,以对完善我国一人公司债权人利益法律保护制度提出一些可行性建议。文章框架分为七部分。第一部分主要是提出问题并综述国内外的相关文献。第二部分是关于一人公司的概述,通过对一人公司的概念、类型、法律特征的分析,指出我国《公司法》承认一人有限公司的合法性是顺应经济和社会发展发展趋势的。第三部分首先对一人公司的债权人面对的利益风险进行分析。债权人面临的风险主要包括一人公司缺乏社团性、公司治理结构过于简单、唯一股东滥用有限责任以及关联交易的发生,这些因素都不利于债权人利益的实现。通过对一人公司的债权人面临的利益风险进行解剖,得出应该制定更完备的规定来保护债权人利益不受侵害的结论。其次通过对一人公司债权人保护理论的研究,分析得出一人公司债权人利益受法律保护的理论基础源于股东有限责任限制理论和公司社会责任理论。只有通过对股东滥用有限责任的限制和兼顾公司各方面利益相关者的利益,才能改变对一人公司债权人利益保护不利的局面。第四部阐述了英美法系和大陆法系的主要国家关于一人公司的立法规定以及对一人公司债权人保护的立法例,得出对我国一人公司债权人的立法保护该如何调整的启示。要完善我国在制度方面对债权人的利益保护,应该注意四点：要在公司立法中引入社会利益原则,在公司成立和运营阶段采取限制态度,确立公司财务信息公开制度,确定债权人在清算和破产阶段的特殊性和在规制公司行为方面强调诚实信用、禁止权利滥用和公序良俗原则。第五部分分析了目前我国《公司法》对一人公司债权人保护的优势和缺陷。《公司法》对债权人利益的保护主要体现在公司的设立、运营和清算阶段。其中在设立阶段,保护债权人利益的制度体现为最低注册资本制度和股东认缴出资制度。在公司运营阶段,保护债权人利益的制度体现在资本维持和资本不变制度,信息披露制度,公司越权行为相对无效原则,公司内部治理结构以及一人公司法人人格否认制度。公司分立、合并和公司破产进入清算程序的不同的情况下对债权人有不同的规定。然而,我国立法无论是在一人公司的发起人制度、股东责任、交易规制、财务监督机制还是法人人格制度方面都存在缺陷,而只有对其进行不断完善才能更好地保护一人公司债权人的合法利益。第六部分提出完善我国一人公司债权人法律保护制度的一些意见和建议。主要从规范发起人责任制度、强化法人治理结构、明确法人人格否认制度、建立严格的财务监督机制、强调股东经营重大过失的民事赔偿责任和确立股东侵权的民事责任等六个方面去加强和完善。最后第七部分为结语部分。主要肯定了一人公司的存在和发展对我国经济和法律的重大意义,同时指出目前我国对于一人公司债权人利益的法律保护机制仍然有很多的不足,应该加以完善,不能只追求公司的发展而忽略了利益相关主体即公司债权人的利益保护。
[Abstract]:One person company is a special form of company developed in twentieth Century. It was initially recognized as a legal case in the form of a case. The emergence of a man company is a major breakthrough in the theory of traditional company law, which has played an important role in promoting the development of economy and society. Therefore, it has gradually been approved by the legislation of various countries.2005 In October 27th, the tenth session of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress passed the "People's Republic of China company law" (Revised), which added the provisions of one person limited liability company and recognized the legality of the existence of one person in legislation. This move conforms to the development trend of the legislation of the world and is conducive to encouraging investment and development and improving the company law. However, the corporate governance structure of a company has its own particularity, which is contrary to the traditional theory of corporate law and the legal system, and poses a certain threat to the interests of the creditors. The company law only uses seven clauses to make a brief regulation on the one person company, and does not have a good protective effect on the rights of creditor's rights. Under the background of confirming the legality of one person limited liability company, the company law analyzes the advantages and defects of the legal protection system of one person's creditor's interests by taking the legal protection mechanism of one person's creditor as the research center, and puts forward some feasible suggestions to improve the legal protection system of the creditor interests of one person company in our country.
The frame of the article is divided into seven parts.
The first part is mainly to ask questions and summarize the relevant literature both at home and abroad.
The second part is an overview of one person company. Through the analysis of the concept, type and legal characteristics of one person company, it is pointed out that the legality of the company law of China is conforming to the development trend of the economic and social development.
The third part first analyzes the interests risk of one person company's creditors. The main risks faced by the creditor include the lack of community, the simple corporate governance structure, the only shareholders abusing the limited liability and the occurrence of related transactions. These factors are not conducive to the realization of the interests of the creditors. The interest risk faced by the creditors of the company is dissected, and it is concluded that more complete regulations should be formulated to protect the creditor's interests from being infringed. Secondly, through the study of the theory of the protection of the creditor of the one person company, the theoretical basis of the legal protection of the creditor's interests of a company is derived from the theory of limited liability of shareholders and the limited liability of shareholders. The theory of corporate social responsibility can change the disadvantage of protecting the interests of one person's creditors only by restricting the limited liability of the shareholders and taking into account the interests of the stakeholders in all aspects of the company.
The fourth part expounds the legislative provisions of the one person company and the legislation on the protection of one person's creditor by the main countries of the Anglo American law system and the continental law system, and draws the inspiration of how to adjust the legislative protection of the creditor of the one person company in our country. To perfect the protection of the creditor's interests in the system, we should pay attention to four points: We should introduce the principle of social interests in the company's legislation, take a restrictive attitude in the period of the establishment and operation of the company, establish the system of disclosure of the company's financial information, determine the particularity of the creditors in the liquidation and bankruptcy stage, emphasize the honesty and credit of the regulated company, and prohibit the indiscriminate use of rights and the principle of public order and good customs.
The fifth part analyzes the advantages and defects of the company law of our country at present. The protection of the interests of the creditor is mainly embodied in the stage of establishment, operation and liquidation of the company. In the period of establishment, the system of protecting the interests of creditors is the lowest registered capital system and the system of shareholder recognition and contribution. In the operation stage of the company, the system of protecting the interests of the creditor is embodied in the system of capital maintenance and capital change, the information disclosure system, the principle of relative ineffectiveness of the company's overpower behavior, the internal governance structure of the company and the disregard of the corporate personality of the one person. There are different provisions in the right person. However, there are defects in the legislation of the initiator of the one person, the liability of the shareholders, the regulation of the transaction, the mechanism of financial supervision or the personality system of the legal person, and the legal interests of the creditors of the one person company can be better protected by the continuous improvement of the system.
In the sixth part, some suggestions and suggestions are put forward to improve the legal protection system of the creditor of one person company in China. It is mainly from standardizing the system of initiator liability, strengthening the corporate governance structure, defining the system of disregard of legal personality, establishing a strict financial supervision mechanism, emphasizing the liability for civil compensation for the major negligence of shareholders and establishing the people's infringement of the shareholders. We should strengthen and improve the six aspects of the responsibility and so on.
The last seventh part is the concluding part. It mainly affirms the significance of the existence and development of one person company to our country's economy and law. At the same time, it points out that there are still a lot of shortcomings in the legal protection mechanism of the creditor's interests of one person in our country. It should be perfected, and it can not only pursue the development of the company and ignore the stakeholders. The body is the protection of the interests of the creditors of the company.
【学位授予单位】：兰州商学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.291.91

【参考文献】